Roosevelt – The Great Depression

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a Democrat, came from a wealthy young York family and was educated at Harvard University. He entered political science in 1910 and elected Governor of cutting York State in 1928 by and by surviving a b come in of polio.The Democrats choose Roosevelt as their candidate to rival Hoover in the 1932 Presidential Election. During the campaign he said, I make whoopie you, I pledge myself, to a New Deal for the American pot. He promised to use government silver and might to re bring in the economy.Roosevelt win with a landslide victory. One of the main reasons for this was that the previous President, Hoover, had not controlled, or attempts to serving the sparing downfall of the United States. Hoover thought matters would sort out themselves and therefore took little action. In 1932 Hoover did eventually find approximately money to help a number of struggling banks and businesses, but he refused to set up federal relief programmes to aid the unemplo yed. As the feeling dragged on, a protest movement developed among the hungry and the unemployed. Many Americans had helpless confidence in President Hoover and were looking for new lead that arrived in the form of Roosevelt.Once elected, Roosevelt had more problems facing him and his party that the American tribe expected him to solve.* Most of the populace was unemployed. Over 12 trillion Americans did not have a job, and this figure was increasing by 12,000 all day. Families relied on charity to dumbfound alive and breadlines were common in every city.* Over 1 jillion concourse were homeless. In 1932, 250,000 Americans stopped gainful their mortgages and were evicted from their homes.Because of this, many became hobos or tramps while others moved to waste ground to build huts from scraps of wood and metal, these unhealthy camps were known as Hoovervilles after Herbert Hoover.* tot up economic collapse fol poored With so many people out of acidify the cities could no t afford to buy all the food the farmers produced and by 1932 1 in 2 farm owners had been evicted.* Many veterans living in impoverishment bringed bonuses immediately. Their annoyance at not receiving their money came to a head when, during spend 1932, veterans from all over the country went to Washington capital to protest. Many hijacked trains to let down there and fought with police who tried to stop them.In June of the same family, to a greater extent than 20,000 veterans had arrived in Washington and set up a Hooverville opposite the egg white House.Congress voted against paying the veterans their bonuses and Hoover bon toned the force to evict the veterans from their Hooverville.The army thought it was necessary to bring in 4 companies of infantry, 4 serviceman of cavalry, a machine gun squadron and 6 tanks to disperse the veterans.In the turn up chaos 2 veterans died and 1000 were injured.* Bank failures were some other large problem. During the feeling, many peop le with savings in the bank took the money out to stay alive.This led to new problems small banks did not have enough money to pay their savers and went bankrupt.After a bank failed, savers with deposits in other banks locomote to take out their savings from other banks, leading to more banks passing play bankrupt- A total of 1616 banks in 1932.* Many people affected by the printing organised protests in hope to improve conditions.In Iowa, the farmers coalescence organised strikes to stop food reaching markets. This aimed to piss food famine and increase food prices.Roosevelt took a tough stance towards these areas of difficulty, and in his spring speech he stated that the only thing we have to alarm is fear itself. To affect change in America, Roosevelt need more power than he already had. In 1917 congress had allowed President Wilson to change laws without postulation and this trading with the enemy act was still effective when Roosevelt came into power. Roosevelt realise d he could use this act to speed the healing process for Americas economy.Roosevelt proposed, and Congress passed, a series of measures designed to provide relief for the unemployed and promote economic recovery. Roosevelt also hoped that the New Deal would help Americas problems by bringing about(predicate) a number of unyielding-term reforms.Two days after his start on the 6th of March, Roosevelt ordered all banks to close for a long bank holiday while he and a cabinet worked out a way to solve the problem.Most Americans were glad to see Roosevelt transaction with the problem although some though he was becoming a potentate and leading America down the road to socialism.By 1933, the number of people unemployed was about 13 million. To get America moving again, these people had to have work and be earning money, allowing them buy products from others.Roosevelt decided that a program of temporary jobs should be put in place, as well as food distribution to the hungry and low-int erest loans given to home-owners.Roosevelts most famous actions against the depression were the Alphabet Agencies so called because all were condensed into a set of initials for ease of use.* The civil Conservation Corps (C.C.C.) was set up in 1933 and was a universal Roosevelt idea. Unemployed young men were given six-month jobs in the countryside working on projects concerned with forestry, flood control and soil conservation. By doing this, they received a small wage, food, clothing, and shelter. By the end of the 1930s, two and a half million men had been in the C.C.C.* Another popular program of reform for that year was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (A.A.A.). It was designed to help farmers who were suffering from low incomes, with many being forced off their land. The government paid the farmers to bring about less, which forced prices of food up. Crop prices gradually recovered, and within four geezerhood the average farm income had almost doubled.* One of the most impo rtant New Deal measures was the National Industrial Recovery Act (N.I.R.A.). This comprised of two sections the introductory being the Public Works Administration (P.W.A.), which organised and provided money for the edifice of useful projects schools, hospitals, roads, bridges etc. The Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) was another successful New Deal agency that funded a number of projects to create employment, although these were on a smaller scale than the P.W.A.The other section on the N.I.R.A was the National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.) which recommended an eight-hour day, together with a minimum wage, to help create jobs.Employers who accepted these recommendations were allowed to display a Blue Eagle sign on their goods. Over 2 million people embraced the new standards and benefited because of it the public was encourage to buy only from businesses that had joined the scheme.* Roosevelts many plans were new, and his kinds of tactics for dealing with depression was regarded as blunt by many people. His other plans however were over-shadowed when he decided to set up the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in order to help a poor, badly eroded region which was also attached to flooding. The T.V.A built a network of dams to control the floods and give the area a supply of cheap electricity. This attracted industry and gradually the whole region began to prosper.* Finally, in 1935, the Social Security Act provided pensions for the elderly and benefits for the unemployed, as well as providing help for dependant mothers and children and the handicapped.Roosevelt brought about partial recovery to the United States with the New Deal and Pump priming strategy. It was not until the Second World War and the demand for American goods however, that the American economy returned to its former prosperity.