Relationships in a World without God Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical

Relationships in a World without GodIn a world in which lives are shaped by irreversible choices and by random events, a world in which everything occurs but once, existence seems to lose its substance. Life in this designless universe raises questions of identity and can cause ferment between the relationships of the self to others, the self to history, and the self to God. Through the words of existentialist novelists and philosophers Milan Kundera and Jean-Paul Sartre, we witness the philosophical and psychological struggles for identity, existence, and being of the characters in The Unbearable Lightness of Being, and Nausea. In connection with other philosophic writings of Heidegger, Kierkegaard, Tillich and Sartre the ideas of existentialism expressed in these two novels become more apparent, and the relationships of the characters in this world-without-God can be explored. Our principle readings rest in the argument of mans existence and being. Sartres Nausea and Kunder as Unbearable Lightness of Being both depicted the stories of humans seek to accept their own realities in a state of what Heidegger referred to as thrown-ness. Heideggers existential thoughts are concerned with the question of the meaning of Being. Heidegger based his philosophy upon the comprehension of existence. The scientific method was that of phenomenological reduction. Although Sren Kierkegaard accepted the paradox of being defining itself, as a scientist, Heidegger could not accept this paradox. According to Heidegger, a concept must be defined without using itself as reference. The difficulty of definition was confronted by defining Being as a collection of concepts. In his essay The fundamental frequency Question of Metaphysics... ...r own histories, their struggles with purpose and meaning, and the plight of their thrownness create a compelling and emotionally engaging novel that resemble the insecurities and consciousness of our own lives. Heidegger states that time however reminds men of how insignificant they are, how endless the universe is, and how all they can really do is seek to accept themselves on their own terms in outlook of death, to wonder at the meaning of it all. Kierkegaard and Miller address the loathing of the impasse that threatens their lives as a result of historicism (and the absence of God). And Nietzsche claims that we must use history to escape cock animal-ness, but not so far as to become further imprisoned within our consciousness. Throughout history, and in each mans life, in that respect is return to the center, to the same errors, and to that danger and fear of nothingness.

Othello: the Feminine Perspective Essay -- Othello essays

Othello, Shakespeares tragic drama, has much to say about women and the attitudes of social groups and individuals towards them. Lets examine, from the sneak down, from the general to the lower ranks, these outlooks on women and other feminine considerations. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare Othello, explains the Moors blind ignorance of his won wife Iago begins his temptation on the hobby morning, and he is able to exploit Othellos comparative ignorance of his wife. This ignorance is only partly due to the fact that they have had no opportunity of living together. It is due to a number of other factors. Othello comes of royal birth but he has won for himself a place of distinction in the service of the Venetian state by his military prowess. He confesses the one-sidedness of his experience (I.3.86-7) little of this great world can I speak More than pertains to feats of broil and battle. . . . (32) The violence against women in this drama is unpleasant f or much of the audience. A.C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the violence against the heroine as a sin against the canons of art To some readers, again, parts of Othello appear shocking or even horrible. They think if I may formulate their objection that in these parts Shakespeare has sinned against the canons of art, by representing on the stage a violence or savageness the effect of which is unnecessarily painful and rather sensational than tragic. The passages which thus give offence are probably those already referred to that where Othello strikes Desdemona (IV.i.251), that where he affects to treat her as an hustle of a house of ill-fame (IV.i... ...ies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Literature. N. p. Random House, 1986. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. B ritish Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Heilman, Robert B. Wit and witchcraft an Approach to Othello. Shakespeare Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10 and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare Othello. New York Penguin Books, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Trouble With Chechnya Essay -- essays research papers fc

On September 1, 2004, the world was shocked and horrified by the terrorist attack of Chechen rebels on a Middle school in the Russian town of Beslan. Nearly 1,200 children, teachers, and parents were taken hostage on the first day of school, and held captive for 53 hours. In the aftermath of the explosions and gunfire, over 360 people were killed, and hundreds more were left injured (Kaplan, 2004). The siege of the school was the latest of a dozen bloody attacks on targets much(prenominal) as airliners, trains, government buildings, hospitals, and a movie theatre - that have claimed nearly 1,000 lives in Russia over the past two years, and yet another chilling reminder of the festering tensions between Russia and Chechnya (Kaplan, 2004).The nature of the conflict between Chechnya and Russia is a result of many factors a tumultuous history between the two neighbours, Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, Russias attempts to dominate the Caucacus regions, oil exploitation, human right s, and international attitudes. The following discussion aims to explain the background and reasons for the perpetuation of the trouble in Chechnya, and explore the reasons for Russias military interposition in the region. As well, the discussion will attempt to forecast what the future may hold for Chechnya, and Russias relations with it.The Chechens are an ethnically distinct, traditionally clan-based grouping with a long history of resisting Russian expansion in the Northern Caucasus (Yasin, 2002). The hostility existing between the Chechen people and Russia, however, predates both the Russian state and the Soviet Union, going back to the late 18th Century, when Russias drive to the South, initiated by Peter the Great in 1722, led to the incorporation first of the Transcaucasus and exactly later of the rebellious North Caucasus (Cornell, 1999).Forced relocations of the Chechens and other peoples have been undertaken at several points in history by the Russian rulers. The out- migration of the Chechen, Ingush, Karachai, and Balker peoples took take aim in three waves between November 1943 and February 1944, during World War II. The pacification was to be finaland the nationalities involved were struck out of all Soviet official documents (Lieven, 1998, p. 319). This deportation to Central Asi... ..., C. (2002, October 14). Is Putin Looking to Expand the Chechnya War?. Newsweek, 6.Cornell, Svante E. (1999). International Reactions to Massive Human Rights Violations The Case of Chechnya. Europe-Asia Studies, 51, 85-100. Gall, C., & de Waal, T. (1997). Chechnya A Small Victorious War. London Macmillan.Kaplan, David E. (2004, September 20). Tangled grow of an Atrocity. U.S. News and World Report, 137. 28.Lieven, Anatol. (1998). Chechnya Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven Yale University Press.MacKinnon, Mark. (2004, September 25). Shoot First and Ask Questions Later. Globe & Mail, p. A1.Politkovskaya, A. (2001). A Dirty War. London Harvill Press.Russia & Chechnya. (2004, portentous 28). The Economist, 372, p13.Watson, William. (1998). The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union. Westport Greenwood Press.Yasin, Tariq. (2002). Chechen Chagrin Human Rights in Chechnya. Harvard International Review, 24, 6-8.

Snakecharmer and In the Snake Park :: essays research papers

The poem, Snakecharmer, is a poem that conveys an underlying theme of power and control, as represented by the ophidiancharmer, through the nature of the snakes and their relationship with the snakecharmer. on that point is no consistent rhyme scheme to the poem, and almost all the stanzas in the poem have run-on lines to the following stanza. The effect these create is a homo-wide air of inconsistency and disorder. The run-on lines also place an emphasis upon the extend word of the stanza and the first word of the following, helping the poet impress upon the reader the significance of address such as river, tongues, snakes, shapes and rules. The atmosphere of inconsistency and disorder that is created can also be linked to the free, uncontrollable movement of the snakes.The poet also uses repetition of the word snake to impress upon the reader the fact that snakes are all there is in this world, a hypnotic effect that brings clearly to the reader the image of a world of snak es. The sibilance of the words Plath chooses to use creates an indistinctly ominous effect that is lazy and almost hypnotic to the reader. The sibilant s is present at least once in every line of the poem, exaggerating that effect, which is very much like the movement of a snake holding its prey in thrall before the kill. Thus the atmosphere of disorder and inconsistency is threaded with an indistinct sense of foreboding for the reader. In the first stanza, the snakecharmer is generalized as he is juxtaposed with gods and man. The grand style of the first line is continued through to the second as the charming of snakes is likened to the beginning of worlds begins a snaky sphere. Here the reader is made informed of the amount of power the snakecharmer possesses in his control over the snakes. The grand style abovementioned gives a sense of grandeur to the snakecharmer, and the tone of this stanza is subtly respectful towards him. In the last line of the stanza, the word pipes is r epeated mouth-pipe. He pipes. Pipes green. Pipes water that has an almost hypnotic effect on the reader. This could be because the repetition of a word coupled with universal use of caesuras gives a calming effect that can soothe the reader while commanding his attention. This is precisely the effect the snakecharmer has on the snakes.

Fast Food Nation- Why the Fries Taste Good Essay -- Nutrition

The basic science behind the scent of your shaving cream is the same as that governance the flavor of your TV dinner, (Schlosser 122). Eric Schlosser, the author of Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal was a Princeton graduate with a degree in American History. Hes written for the Atlantic Monthly since 1996 where he was given a prompt about America and its fast food industry. His simple pickup article transformed into an international bestseller. His book was on the brisk York Times bestsellers list for nearly two years. Schlosser has appeared on 60 Minutes, CNN, FOX News, and many others. His incline has appeared in Rolling Stone and The New Yorker (Drury University). In Schlossers book, Chapter 5 Why the Fries Taste Good helps to explain what we are actually eat when it comes to Americas fast food industry. The beginning of this chapter focuses on the J.R. Simplot Plant which is located in Arberdeen, Idaho and processes around a million pounds of po tatoes per day (Schlosser 111). John Richard Simplot was natural in 1909 and spent much of his childhood working on his familys farm. Simplot went against his father and dropped out of high school at the early age of xv and began working at a potato warehouse in Declo, Idaho. When J.R. turned sixteen, he became a potato farmer (Schlosser 112). It only took about ten oblivious years for J.R. Simplot to become the hulkingst shipper of potatoes in the West. World War II brought a lot of wealth to Simplot. He interchange dehydrated onions to the U.S. Army and he at last became one of the main suppliers of food to the U.S. American military during World War II (Schlosser 113). By the time Simplot was 36 years old, he was able to grow, fertilize, proces... ...amb piddle Gun Knife, (Schlosser 130). The potatoes became fries and they are blanched, dried, fried, and then frozen. Inside the freezer is about 20 million pounds of frozen french fries ready to be shipped and sold (Schlosser 131). This chapter focuses solely on why fast food, fries in particular, taste so good. Schlosser informs his audience of exactly what they are eating when they order a large french fry at McDonalds. The fries may start out as orthogonal potatoes, but what many dont know is how fresh potatoes factually turn into the famous french fry. Works CitedEric Schlosser Biography. Drury University. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. .Schlosser, Eric. Chapter 5 Why the Fries Taste Good. Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York, NY Harper Perennial, 2005. Print.

Fast Food Nation- Why the Fries Taste Good Essay -- Nutrition

The basic science behind the scent of your shaving cream is the same as that governing the flavor of your TV dinner, (Schlosser 122). Eric Schlosser, the author of quick Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal was a Princeton graduate with a degree in American History. Hes written for the Atlantic Monthly since 1996 where he was given a prompt about America and its extravagant feed industry. His simple magazine article transformed into an international bestseller. His daybook was on the unsanded York Times bestsellers list for nearly two years. Schlosser has appeared on 60 Minutes, CNN, FOX News, and many others. His work has appeared in Rolling Stone and The New Yorker (Drury University). In Schlossers book, Chapter 5 Why the Fries Taste Good helps to explain what we are actually eating when it comes to Americas fast food industry. The beginning of this chapter focuses on the J.R. Simplot Plant which is located in Arberdeen, Idaho and processes around a milli on pounds of murphyes per day (Schlosser 111). John Richard Simplot was born in 1909 and spent much of his childishness working on his familys farm. Simplot went against his father and dropped out of high school at the early age of fifteen and began working at a potato warehouse in Declo, Idaho. When J.R. turned sixteen, he became a potato farmer (Schlosser 112). It only took about ten short years for J.R. Simplot to become the largest shipper of potatoes in the West. man War II brought a lot of wealth to Simplot. He sold dehydrated onions to the U.S. Army and he eventually became one of the main suppliers of food to the U.S. American military during World War II (Schlosser 113). By the time Simplot was 36 years old, he was able to grow, fertilize, proces... ...amb Water Gun Knife, (Schlosser 130). The potatoes became heat up and they are blanched, dried, fried, and whence frozen. Inside the freezer is about 20 million pounds of frozen cut fries ready to be shipped a nd sold (Schlosser 131). This chapter focuses solely on why fast food, fries in particular, taste so good. Schlosser informs his audience of exactly what they are eating when they order a large french fry at McDonalds. The fries may start out as fresh potatoes, but what many dont know is how fresh potatoes factually turn into the famous french fry. Works CitedEric Schlosser Biography. Drury University. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. .Schlosser, Eric. Chapter 5 Why the Fries Taste Good. Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York, NY Harper Perennial, 2005. Print.

Chapter 9 of the Great Gatsby Essay

Chapter 9, the last chapter of the novel, is used by Fitzgerald to create a sense of finality for the reader, suggesting the party was over. This chapter allows him to make his final rendering on the unfulfilling nature of the American Dream, and the nature of the people that lived in the Roaring Twenties. The chapter is made for the obvious purpose of being the conclusion to the story. Rather than bring the ending ambiguous as many authors do, Fitzgerald wraps up the narrative decisively. This sense of finality of the book allows the reader to come to final conclusions and judgements of what they engage seen. An open end book can allow readers to come up with their own endings, but a book with a definitive ending allows readers to see what happened and then root what it means. Fitzgerald allows the reader to form their own opinions on the events that definitely happened in the story, giving a greater sense of meaning and attachment to the story.Nick narrates the chapter from two long time later, looking back at the final days he spent in New York. Throughout the chapter Nick shows his disgust and contempt for the East of the U.S., clear preferring his Middle West. Fitzgerald does this to make us, as readers, antagonise the East society as the main cause of the tragic events of the novel. He does this by showing Nick, the mavin involved in most if not all the events of the novel, completely appalled at the actions of people that have made their lives in the East. This is particularly shown when Nick ab initio refuses to shake Tom Buchanans hand. He has correctly deduced that Tom was the one who told Wilson that Gatsbys car was the one that ran Myrtle over, and out of his provincial squeamishness he did not shake hands.He does ultimately shake hands, but only out of pity and as a sign of farewell so that he does not have to see Tom again. We are meant to feel Nicks relief of not having to see this clear representation of all that was ill-timed with old m oney and the novels portrayal of the East that it was essentially careless people, who smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness and let other people clean up the mess they had made. At first, Gatsby seems to represent the success story of the American Dream. He creates his own fortune and earns great wealth and material possessions but, in the end, his dream fails anyway. At the conclusion of the novel, Gatsby does not get what he wishes. his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.He did not knowthat it was already behind him, Gatsbys death without the total committedness from Daisy that he always sought after is a tragic display of the reality of the American Dream that it has been corrupted from the pursuit of happiness to the pursuit of wealth. Fitzgerald uses the distortion of the readers perception of the American Dream so that we pity the unfortunate characters of the novel Gatsby, Jorda n, Daisy, Tom who despite having money, do not seem to have square deep happiness. Overall, Fitzgerald uses the closing chapter of the novel for exactly its intended purpose to finish the novel. We see the end of the story of Gatsby and the effect he had on people and theorize on what it truly meant.

Contemporary Canadian Business Law Essay

A minor named Alice entered into a lease with Silver silver medal Ltd. for acquire silverware on a long-term credit contract. The goods was delivered but the payment was non yet been fully made by Alice. Before she attain the age of majority, Alice repudiated the contract and refused to return the silverware. The company demanded a return of the silverware and refused to refund. The company sued Alice for the balance of purchase price. The legal issues in this case are whether Alice has the legal capacity to the contract and whether Alice has the ripe(p) to repudiate the contract.If the second question is answered affirmative, what the effect of repudiation will occur in this case? Should Alice return the silverware and should she be liable to the helpless of teaspoons? Finally, should the Silver Flatware Ltd. Refund the money had been paid by Alice? The complainants argument would be that the defendant must return the goods if she wants to repudiate the contract. The lost of teaspoons should be counted as damage to the goods and the plaintiff is authorize to recover the loss by charging compensation from the defendant.The defendants argument would be that she has the powerful to repudiate the contract since she was a minor while entering into the contract and she repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority. The defendant has the option to repudiate the contract because the contract has not been fully performed and it was gestural for purchasing non-necessary goods. The defendant was entitled to a return of the payment as she was a minor at the time she entered into the contract. The defendant was not liable to the lost of teaspoons since it was not a manoeuvre result of the minors deliberate act and it was not recoverable by the merchandiser.In my opinion, the probable decision of the judicatory would be that the defendant must return the goods and the plaintiff must refund all the monies paid by the defendant. The defendant must return the goods before the plaintiff is obliged to return the monies paid. The defendant is not liable to the lost parts of the goods. The reasons for the probable decisions are as follows. Firstly, public policy dictates that minors should not be bound by their promises. The defendant did not have the legal capacity to a contract since she entered into the contract and repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority.Secondly, the contract has not been fully performed as the defendant has not made full payment of the goods, so the contract is voidable at the defendants option. Thirdly, the goods purchased was a non-necessary goods since the silverwork is unremarkably considered as luxury but not necessary. Therefore, the plaintiff is not liable on such contract. According to the reasons stated above, the defendant who is a minor has the right to repudiate the contract at any time and at her option, for the reason of the contract has not been fully perform ed and it was for purchasing non-necessary goods.Additionally, once the contract has been repudiated, the minor is entitled to a return of any deposit paid to the adult contractor. Since the minor has purchased the goods on credit and taken delivery, the minor must return the goods before the merchant is obliged to return any monies paid. Finally, the loss of loosing teaspoons is not recoverable by the merchant because there is no evidence provided to proof that the loss is a direct result of the minors deliberate act.

Finance Case

CASESTUDY Goodweek Tires, Inc. After extensive look and development, Goodweek Tires,Inc. , has recently developed a new tire, the SuperTread, and must decide whether to brand name the investment necessary to get to and market the SuperTread. The tire would be ideal for drivers doing a large amount of wet weather and off-road driving in addition to its normal freeway usage. The research and development cost so far total about $10 million. The SuperTread would be put on the market beginning this year and Goodweek expects it to stay on the market for a total of four years.Test marketing costing $5 mil-lion shows that there is a significant market for a SuperTread-type tire. As a monetary analyst at Goodweek Tires, you are asked by your CFO, Mr. Adam Smith, to evaluate the SuperTread project and provide a recommendation on whether to go ahead with the investment. You are communicate that all previous investments in the SuperTread are sunk costs and only future cash flows should be c onsidered . Except for the initial investment which will transcend immediately assume all cash flows will occur at year-end.Goodweek must initially invest $120 million in reapingion equipment to make the SuperTread. The equipment is expected to have a seven-year useful life. This equipment can be sold for $51,428,571at the end of four years. Goodweek intends to sell the SuperTread to two distinct markets 1. The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) mart The OEM market consists primarily of the large automobile companies (e. g. , General Motors) who buy tires for new cars. In the OEM market, the SuperTread is expected to sell for $36 per tire. The variable cost to produce severally tire is $18. 2.The Replacement Market The replacement market consists of all tires purchased after the auto-mobile has left the factory. This market allows higher margins and Goodweek expects to sell the SuperTread for $59 per tire there. Variable costs are the same as in the OEM market. Goodweek Tires intends to raise prices at 1 percent above the inflation rate. Variable costs will also add 1 percent above the inflation rate. In addition, the SuperTread project will incur $25 mil-lion in marketing and general administration costs the origin year (this figure is expected to increase at the inflation rate in the subsequent years).Goodweeks corporate tax rate is 40 percent. one-year inflation is expected to remain constant at 3. 25 percent. The company uses a 15. 9 percent discount rate to evaluate new product decisions. The tire market Automotive industry analysts expect automobile manufacturers to produce 2 million new cars this year and production to grow at 2. 5 percent per year thereafter. Each new car needs four tires (the spare tires are undersized and are in a different category). Goodweek Tires expects the SuperTread to jinx 11 percent of the OEM market.Industry analysts estimate that the replacement tire market size will be 14 million tires this year and that it will grow at 2 percent annually. Goodweek expects the SuperTread to capture an 8 per-cent market share. You decide to use the MACRS depreciation schedule (seven-year property class). You also decide to consider net on the job(p) capital (NWC) requirements in this scenario. The immediate initial working capital requirement is $11 million, and thereafter the net working capital requirements will be 15 percent of sales. What will be the NPV, payback period, discounted payback period, AAR, IRR, and PI on this project?

Beautiful!…. Great God! Essay

What do chapters 2, 3,4,5,9 and 10 reveal about Mary Shelleys attitude to knowledge? Mary Shelley is a medieval writer, who (through this refreshing Frankenstein) has been able to create a hybrid form of gothic literature, a gothic/horror genre which allows Shelley to convey a more existent terror, one that resides within the psyche instead of a form outside , an example would be Ghosts.Her knowledge on different subjects allows her to create a practical(prenominal) world in the novel, possibly even criticising her profess husband Percy Shelley, who searched for knowledge and in doing so became egotistical and self obsessed manage a rightful(a) romantic just like Frankenstein and other romantic characters like him.Shelley was always surrounded by intelligent people, which were mainly her father and his inner circle that alike included her husband. These people encouraged Shelley to educate herself and develop her own opinions. Shelley found the gothic genre a perfect place in which she could air her thoughts, such(prenominal) as a critical view of certain powers in her orderliness and imply occasions about the industrial revolution through subtle remarks in the novel.The novel itself was a product of Shelley taking up a challenge to write a ghost story, which was her chance to give a dire warning to society (through the didactic tone throughout the novel) that, embraces experimenting and questing for the unknown which so much part of her culture but at the same time playing on the fears of the middles classes deprivation of knowledge as at the same time graves were being dug up and bodies employd which made this tomb quite fearful to its readers and fascinate as Shelley brings many ethical issues on the subject of science.Throughout the novel Shelley has much to say on the concept of knowledge as she includes many remarks like when Shelleys warning us, readers of the danger of knowledge when it is used to obtain power. What had been the study and d esire of the wisest man since the creation of the world was now within my grasp. The use of the word grasp an creation suggests that Frankenstein wants to become mnipotent and play god.Remarks such as that show Shelleys critical views on her society, on issues such as science, how a man can become obsessed with something dangerous to either themselves or others , probably both , this also could be seen as another reference to her own husbands obsession with knowledge and this warning is actually to him. Frankenstein experience in university is very important in the text as that is where he forms his strong friendship with total heat clerval, guided and ridiculed by his professors and the actual place where he created the creature.Frankensteins first experience of university were feelings of isolation and melancholy which worsened through the ridicule of his work by his first professor Kriempe who tells him not to waste his time on the trash that he has read up until now. This maybe Shelley suggesting that ignorance isnt a bad thing because once Frankenstein starts delving into new areas which allows him to create the creature which causes so many problems.Shelley shows us this ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise in the paragraph in which Frankenstein realises that the creature he has created is not beautiful as he intended but a monster in his eyes I had selected his features as beautiful, Beautiful. Great theology This quote is Frankenstein in hindsight looking at his creature and realising his folly. The use of the words Great God show that his wisdom was of no use. Even though his professors didnt really guide Frankenstein in the right way, Frankenstein still follows there wisdom to folly, in the creation of the monster.

Understanding the Value of Creativity in Advertising

Understanding the value of Creativity in Advertising Creativity is thinking innovative things. invention is doing new things. (Theodore Levitt) In todays media landscape whither its very difficult to shape consumers attitude and intentions and move them to next level of buying process, advertisers run a risk it even to a greater extent difficult and ch each(prenominal)enging to muffle done the clutter of competing advertisement. The advert industry has experienced dynamic changes over the last several decades.The changes accept been swell in terms of Technology advancement, Medium and more methods to attract consumers and on Creativity. This study represents how creativity squeeze advertising and visualiseing the value of creativity in advertising through the Review of assorted literatures. The importance of creativity factor in advertising has got wide recognition by many researchers, practitioner, except there is a miss of true & authoritative research to define ad vertising creativity and how it relates to ad effectiveness.The review study discusses some races that nominate left(a) their strong impression on consumers. The presented review study tries to cope up with some evidence of creativity by reviewing expert views, past literature in advertising and marketing. The study discusses different forum on how creativity works, and what makes an ad to travel good or poorly. It summarized the value of creativity in advertising through Expert interviews, published material and related secondary data to understand the logic. Methodology This study used a review study method to go bad the secondary data & observations.David Ogilvy in one case quoted that If it doesnt sell, it isnt fanciful. In this review study researcherhas analyzed secondary data through the series of interview, expert comments, and live cases of various literatures and through live observations to understand the value of creativity in advertising. The review paper include s a various article, discussion and market insight from the leading marketers, productive director insights about how this promising form of advertising is constantly evolving. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Creativity is seeing something new when you look at something old it is all heart of civilization and is the driving force of revolution-David Ogilvy It is an accepted fact that there should be an element of creativity in an advertisement. This creativity is something new, extraordinary, extreme pleasing and appealing to the consumers. In fact, advertising itself is a fictive process. It is the outcome of long term planning and hard work on the part of the copy generator & creative director who prepargons & shapes the final copy of advertisement. http//www. baclubindia. com /forum/files/37_37_creativity_in_advertising_project_report. doc In todays media landscape advertisers find it even more challenging to break through the clutter of competing ads in order to shape consumers attitudes and intentions. A good alternative strategy to greater advertising spending may be more creative advertising. Understanding the fact that creative ideas do not come over night they be required to be developed through systematic thinking. Breakthrough ideas might appear to be instant or impulsive, except they argon not.They ar based on sound strategy, outstanding visuals and copy, and the correct industriousness of timing and media. The art is in ensuring that all elements of communication work together so that the end result is more powerful and effective. http//crackminds. com/? p=221 There ar much bold evidences that signifi nett changes faced by this industry. Some of these changes are good big ideas, innovative partnerships, & interesting new work, that show what advertising tail assembly do for marks.Advertising allows you to communicate a salient message to a large group of consumers faster than any other form of communication. It allows you to truly connect with your consumer it gives you an chance to develop an ongoing relationship in the midst of the consumer and a brand. At its best, advertising will create a sense of redency for the consumer, honest awareness and faithful that there are products, places, styles or sensibilities that cry out for attention or action.To do that there are various styles of advertising, a soft sell or a hard sell, a subtle approach or a blatant approach, an informative style, humor or a modern and edgy one. stylus will always change with the product or service you are selling with the timing of the message and with the medium you are using. But important picture is how you can engage your consumers to watch that Creative challenge you took with the blend of style.The important thing is finding the even out balance between defining a good creative message and execution. The true craft is in identifying ways to interest consumers in what is being offered at the same time exclusivelyifiable creativ ity. A creative strategy can put you on the right course, only in a world filled with distractions and clutter you must develop communications that arrogate consumer attention and interest. The key is delivering the selling evince in an interesting, single-minded, non-contrived manner.Some advertising sells brands. Great advertising also builds them. Advertising might, at times, trod on the fine line between creativity and ethical considerations. Creativity makes advertisement popular among the consumers and motivates them to purchase advertisement specific product. The advertising message is received well by the target audience for follow-up action. LEARNING FROM PAST SOME HERITAGE BRANDS AND RECALL VALUE In India there are some brands who have acquired distinct space in consumer mindset.These brands played very important role in initial marketing era, and managed to become an unforgettable brand for Indian households. These brands have endured the test of time. Colgate Toothpa ste, Vimal, Pears soap, Mysore Sandal Soap, Woodwards Gripe Water, Dabur, Amrutanjan balm, Vicco, puddles, breakers, Amul and Prestige Pressure Cooker are symbols of heritage brands of India. Some of these brands are represent the Indian culture. Sometimes the brand relies heavily on product and price features, sooner than advertising creativity.The recalled values of some of these heritage brands are higher than todays brands, the Colgates Surkasha chakra, Viccos jingle Vicco turmeric nahi cosmetic Advice of lalita ji for Surf, Surf ki khariddari mai hi samjhdari hai, Bajaj with it all time hit tagline Hamara Bajaj, or it be Lux with tagline filmi sitaron ka saundarya sabun, & Dalda-vanaspati was a impressive success and ruled the perch during its time, the unforgettable Liril campaign, the ad was all about waterfalls, abundant water and the girl splashing about in total abandon singing la la la la laaa.The ad was major success & very much appreciated, at the same time it became the highest selling premium toilet soap in a finish of two years. Basically Most of the Heritage brands appeal to many age groups, probably the product /brands is what used by one generation, had been used by the forward generation and is used presently by the current generation. Understanding the success mantra behind these heritage brands can be tough but there are strong evidence stating towards their advertising appeal.The uniqueness of the campaign leads towards the high recalling. The frequency of television commercial was less and during that era there wasnt much controversy and managed with only National TV channel, Doordarshan these brands made their posture heavily on consumers, whereas Todays as a competitive market emerged in various categories i. e. soaps, shampoos, TVs fridge, Air conditioner and computers so did the media options to reach more people. THE CAMPAIGNS HOW CREATIVITY WORKS?The current scenarios counseles that advertising has altered in many ways, now advertising become more and more creative, and getting real. Creativity increases the brand value. There is enough evidence that value for a brand will be organize through creativity. With Pointing on Indias phenomenal growth, it has become even more important for ad agencies and their clients to gear up together to meet challenges that come with much(prenominal) expansion. Creative ideas have no boundaries, Ideas can strike anytime.A successful & great creative idea can give brands the required thrust to explore new heights. It is very important that with creativity involved in advertising it should not forget its basic agenda of informing, convincing, and selling. Creative advertising needs to intelligent, sharp, imaginative to the point and extremely catchy. It must motive people to purchase advertisement product. The message and appeal made should be able to make positive impact on the consumers. The creativity develops new useful ideas which further fulfill the desired requi rement.Creativity should focus the attention of the customer on the product and he must feel the urge to have that product for same benefit. This suggests that creative advertising should be able to create demand for the product when it is introduced for the first time. Some of the distinct creative ads impacted hard. VODAFONES Creation The Zoozoo After successfully rebranding Hutch to Vodafone Vodafone Essar Limited, the India-based subsidiary of the global mobile network operator, Vodafone started expanding its presence in pan India.The new avatar of Vodafone is Zoozoo has created a new dimension of creativity. The Zoozoos advertising campaign highlighted the different value added service (VAS) offered by the company. This creative aspect got huge appreciation from the customer and they say you solely Love them and you just cant ignore them. The Zoozoos were everywhere. The creative ad series of 30 TVCs, were Created by Ogilvy & Mather for IPL Season 2. The Zoozoos Coffee Mugs and T-shirts became instant hit in the market.Prior to this what Vodafone did to show the transition from Hutch to Vodafone, ad agency O&M launched a rather direct, thematic ad showing the trademark pug in a garden, moving out of a pink colored kennel symbolizing Hutch, and making his way into a red one (the Vodafone color). A more energetic, chirpier version of the You and I tune associated with Hutch, plays towards the end, as the super concludes, Change is good. Hutch is now Vodafone. Public Awareness A simple public awareness TVC shows a man manipulating a remote control toy automobile in an office set up.He receives a call and tries to answer it with continuing to manipulate the controls of the car. The car crashes. The message is clear and gets across with no extra layers. Driving while talking on a mobile can cause accidents. IDEA cellular The ideas of Idea cellular campaign were worked really well. It has been an interesting and almost off the track ride for the brand belongin g to the Aditya Birla Group. This cellular service used its brand name idea and real social issues to successfully showcasing its message in the consumers mind.The campaign shows ugly reality in the social and political land in India, its very unique and different combination of creative aspect, What an Idea sir ji campaigns raised issues related to Caste wars, Education for all, Democracy, health Campaign, laissez passer and talk. The creativity of ideas worked well, while the team is well aware that most of the solutions it propagates in its ads may seem improbable, but at least it makes people think. The labor is done if consumer also starts saying what an Idea, Sirji There are many creative ads which made a direct entry into customer mind.Camlins Permanent sign made a distinct effect on the consumer it leaves Lowe Lintas, devised a cool concept for the brand to advertise the product. This time this is OOH advertising, the simple but eye-catching hoarding, with the common ch ord cut-out men having mechanically-backed moving limbs, trying to wipe off the words written in bright red, also displays the product the permanent marker. The category of permanent markers are a very low involvement, in such scenario also ad agency had done clutter breaking, and at the same time, something that brings out the essage clearly here the message being permanent. WHAT MAKES ADS TRAVEL GOOD OR BAD A REALITY CHECK There are numerous factors play roles in determine whether advertisement travel well or poorly. Marketers need to test multiple markets to get a full understanding of an ads likely effectiveness, but it becomes equally imperative to understand what it takes to beat the odds and create a truly Creative Advertising. The combination of creativity and the characteristics of ads that travelled well are, Children, Celebrities, Music, Humor and Emotions.In India presence of Celebrities makes a big difference and this can work across markets. True to the phenomena th at the famous celebrity can contribute to an ad travelling well but the ultimately success comes d cause to the power of good copy. Humor, this word will now be associated with advertising for a long time to come. Humor can work greatly well, probably because it was cracked not long ago by the advertising fraternity, Or probably because the otherwise fretting Indian audience feels more often than not pepped up with humor in ads, and therefore, there are more chances of an ad acquiring mind space.Whatever be it, its a formula which now everybody is trying workforce on. Some ads are surely worth the effort. Particularly when it comes from visual and music, the examples can be Happydent white, and the great Amul butter print series with Amul girl , Fevicol ads, Mentos , Vodafone ad Children in the ads can certainly help to travel well it is not simply the cuteness that adds to creative portability, but rather the childs unique perspective and reaction to an event within the ads.An ex cellent example is Dirt is Good or Daag Achche Hai ad for Surf Excel, in which a brother fights the bungle his sister fell into. And the recent on which shows a little boy pretending to be a dog in order to make his teacher, who has just lost her dog, smile. Of course, in the process his white uniform gets mud spattered and totally worthy of a Surf Excel wash. This one from Lowe Lintas tugs the heart strings. This campaign sticks to its Daag Achche Hai premise.Bank of India showing kid with piggy bank is yet another creative scoop. At the same time advertising that generates an emotional response also has its own benefit, like it can help generate engagement and memorability and it can help the emotions transfer to the brand shaping the brand perception. Doves real dish campaign is perfect example. CREATIVE ADVERTISING IS THERE A STRONG NEED Most brands in the same category deliver more or less the same functional benefits and answer the same needs of the consumers.With so many pr oducts on the market having the same function, the only way to position a product, service, or company differently from anything else in the same category is through creative development in advertising. Today handed-down advertising is losing its sheen. The biggest problem with traditional media is that consumers today have lots of choice for ad avoidance. The fragmentation is very high and there is very less scope of customized message for all. The Indian consumer has changed if we focus on this issue there is a lot more on the menu to choose from.Now the message unlike the past is no longer a one way process. But public opinion is far more mobilized, they have immediate platform for expression. The expert believes that the creativity in advertising could never exist in isolation without a context. The success of final product completely depends on empathy and the relevance of message it intends to deliver. The trigger for ideas and insights must necessarily come from the environ ment. The new millennium is just decade old, advertising, which is about creating demand, also has undergone a complete transformation.Many things have changed and many things have stayed exactly the same in this industry. The media agencies have witnessed the tremendous growth in skills set. If one critically analyze, advertising reflects the mood of the times. The simplistic inform-persuade-sell mode worked beautifully for a long time but once communication became sophisticated, technology entered, there was a paradigm shift. Multi-tasking became the order the day. It is not uncommon to see todays kids on the mobile while smasher the net, right?So in this age of Youtube, Twitter and Facebook, advertising content has to keep pace. It cant be as direct, naive and simplistic as it once was. The new-age consumer would dismiss it, straightaway. For hard-core information and details about products and services that are in the hi-ticket category, the internet provides it all one doesnt have to completely depend on advertising. So the job of advertising today is to primarily push the brand in an endearing fashion that triggers the recall factor, and examples discussed indicates that creativity stored dampen recall value.Unlike other businesses, advertising is ultimately a peoples business. Thus creative advertising that sells is the results of three ingredients people, information, and environment. If you create the appropriate environment for creative people with right information, they can create great advertising. To make the right environment, Ad people must bond together as a team not as individual. Therefore, creative advertising that actually sells is the result of team work. This is one single most important characteristic of creativity in advertising business.Creativity resulting from team work, effectiveness and communication, these are the key factors in successful advertising campaigns. The Ad agencies must strive for balance between them. How many T VCs of toothpastes, soaps, creams, shampoos, of different companies could were differentiated from one another? Examples are many, all toothpastes promises white teeth & fresh breath some shampoos promise Zero Hair Fall, another one promises Zero Dandruff and remaining guarantee strong, glow and strength.With creative ads they can certainly communicate it differently so as to create a distinct brand image in the minds of the consumer, Consumers often bring forward and memorize the creative ads than the product rarely any advertisement makes the product memorable. So understanding the various dimension of advertising creativity is important. To fully understand creativity, one would need to expose what factors are generally held to comprise it. Some dimensions are Novelty, Meaningfulness, Well Craftiness, Positivity, and Humor.

Contemporary Issues in Information Systems Management

Assignment 1 Due Date 05 February 20141. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by tuition systems. 10 2. (a) distinguish the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 10 (b) Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 15 3. Present three major arguments of those who believe that IT will not result in broad unemployment.15Assignment 2 Due Date 19 February 20141. Should producers of software-based services, such as ATMs, be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their systems fail? 10 2. It is often said that business information systems guide a vital part in the success or failure of a business enterprise. a) Explain why computer-based business information systems are so vital to the operation of an organization. 10 b) Computer-based information systems can be categorized into operational information systems and management information systems. Discuss these two categories giving business examples for all(prenominal) one. 15 3. Organisations are not always able to perform their own business information systems functions and some businesses prefer not to do so for various reasons. The root for some is outsourcing. Briefly explain the concept of information systems outsourcing. Is it a good option? 10Assignment 3 Due Date 5 March 20141. The Internet has had a significant impact on business processes and led some organizations to consider developing a business strategy more appropriate to an e-business environment. a) Explain what is meant by an e-business strategy. 5 b) Discuss the impact on the business information systems function if the organization decided to develop an e-business strategy. 20 2. Discuss the impacts of IT and individuals at work. 10 3. Identify some of the major social impacts of the Web including the d igital divide and computer crime. 15 4. Outline the role and impact of virtual communities. 15

Learning Expirience Essay

Experience can shape our behavior and in the flesh(predicate)ity. More over our experiences contribute to our development over time. Learning butt against occurs when we experience situation that have prejudicial or positive effect on us. In this essay I will briefly describe my soulfulnessal learning experience I will also define the concept of learning, and will provide analysis of what I have learned from this experience. In add-on my essay will include the analysis and application of unmixed and operant conditioning as well(p) as cognitive- social learning.My Experience Every persons identity is formed by the various roles that they perform in the world. In fact becoming a mother is one more such(prenominal) role and it has psychological implications. Four month ago I became a mother to a wonderful, my first babe boy. The experience of giving birth, as well as being home with a in the rawborn for the first few weeks was overwhelming, painful, and emotionally tiring. I am 25 years old and was so provoke to becoming a mother, however when my son was born for the first few weeks I have experienced anxiety, stress, depression, fear and even resentment.It has been almost 4 month and my impair is my life, I cannot imagine how I was getting frustrate and feeling all those things when my baby is my joy. Today I am still tired, and stressed, however anger and depression is gone. I have learned from this experience that I need to accept the change in my life, and avoid becoming frustrated. Being prepared for things to be different could have prepared me to deal with situation differently. Also positive attitude should have been my best ally instead of being afraid and having negative thoughts.At last I have learned from this experience that I need to try to develop a new and balanced lifestyle that takes into consideration all areas of my new life. Learning Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (Da vid A. Kolb, 1984). As we learn, we alter the way we perceive our environment, the way we view the incoming stimuli, and therefore the way we interact, or behave (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). Learning through Classical instruct One of the best-known characteristics of behavioral learning theory is classical conditioning.Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a by nature occurring stimulus (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). There are basic principles of classical conditioning process. Such as the unconditioned stimulus (UC) and unconditioned receipt (UR), as well as conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned reaction (CR) (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012). The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response (The propositional nature of human associative learning, 2009).For example, baby crying made me feel sad and frustrated, and baby smiling made me feel loved, ha ppy and positive. For instance, when I saw my bay for the first time the feeling of pain was simply gone. As I slide by those first weeks with my baby although I have had mood swings and feeling of anger sometimes, however every time I looked at my baby I naturally felt better and calmer. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. For example, feel of love in response to my baby smiling is unconditioned stimulus.The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response (The propositional nature of human associative learning, 2009). For example, when my baby cried I felt frustration and in the same time my hubby was trying to explain me something thus my husband voice would be conditioned stimulus. Although the sound of my husband voice is unrelated to my babys cry and feeling of frustration, if the sound of his voice was paired threefold times with the babys cry, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response.The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For instance, feeling frustrated when I heard my husband talking to me. In my view classical conditioning is a useful technique that can be applied by creating a positive environment to help people to overcome anxiety, fear and frustration. For example, a situation like my babys crying with pleasant environment would have helped me to learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious, frustrated and angry in that situation, I learn to stay relax and calm (Carpenter & Huffman, 2012).Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a technique of learning that happens through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a end for that behavior (The propositional nature of human associative learning, 2009) . The elimination of an undesirable outcome can be used to decrease or prevent undesirable behavior. face frustrated, being angry with situation simply led to more stress and created more problems for myself emotionally and physically.Positive reinforcement Getting to know my baby, his first smile and lough created a positive and happy environment thus increasing my positive behavior. To conclude learning process revolves around human life. People learn something new every single day, thus creating new experiences and knowledge. Self-development and growth naturally occurs through learning.

Othello presents women as the victims of men Essay

To what extent do you agree that in Othello Shakespeargon presents wo manpower as the tragic dupes of men?Throughout Othello, Shakespeare uses the enjoyment of the protagonist, by the antagonist, Iago, to present a wanton away controlled by men. In such a male reign caller, Shakespeare presents the women in the play as tragic victims at the manpower of their husbands, in particular Desdemona and Emilia. Throughout this essay I will relate to the Aristotelian and Senecan descriptions of tragedy to come to a conclusion of how in Othello Shakespeare presents women as tragic victims of men. Firstly, without Othello Shakespeare presents men as the dominant typefaces of the play, whereas the women are portrayed as shares to incessantly be suspicious of. No female character is given as many lines in the play as any male character, in particular Iago. This is reflective of Iagos dominance in Othello, thusly meeting one of the Senecan definitions of tragedy presenting women as tragi c victims of men. Furthermore Othellos suspicious constitution towards his wife, Desdemona, is false, and though the women are constantly thought of ch takeing, they never do. In act 3 scene 4 of the play Desdemona claims that Othello is true of mind.The dramatic irony of that statement once again implies that Desdemona is a character who follows social conventions, yet her husbands false accusations relate to the Aristotelian definition of tragedy in the Desdemona is pitied by the audience due to her pure feelings of love towards Othello. The use of the adjective true further shows Desdemona as a tragic victim of Othello as she is unaware of Othellos beliefs that she is cheating on him with Cassio, which is false. Though women may be portrayed as tragic victims in Othello, Emilia gives the audience reason to believe that women are far from tragic victims in the play. She challenges social convention in that women should be passive to their husbands. In defiance of Iagos Be wise, and get you home, Emilia here opposes the model of a good wife, who should be silent and marginalised. Though Emilia is undoubtedly ultimately a tragic victim of the play, she reveals how corrupted a male dominated society is when she clears Desdemonas reputation. Her death opposes an immoral conviction against her sex, exonerating her part in the tragedy.In act four scene three of the play, Emilia implies that she is equal to men, which suggests to the readerfurther that she is a character who once again defies societys expectations of women. Emilia criticises the way men be provoke, in which she asks have we non affections/desires for sport-and frailty-as men have? claiming that womens needs are just the same as men, although it is welcome for men to cheat on their wives. This is supported earlier in the play when Emilia worryns mens behaviour to that of belching, which itself is a vulgar activity. they are all however stomachs, and we all but food/they eat us hungerly, and wh en they are full/they belch us this corrupt truth is also reflective of how men treated women, and that it was ok for men to cheat on their wives, but had women done the same, it would have been considered a sin. On the other hand, Emilia could be interpreted as a tragic victim at the hands of men in Othello. As oppose to Desdemonas marriage to Othello, Emilias marriage to Iago has doomed all signs of romance and affection, and her victimisation could be interpreted through her satirical attitude towards men.Her death at the hands of Iago, her manipulator, shows that Iago was truly to blame for Othellos murder of Desdemona, as it was him whom Emilia stole Desdemonas hanky for. Her death is therefore her punishment, furthermore making Emilia a tragic victim as she has died through no fault of her own. Like Emilia, Desdemona is also a tragic victim of the men in Othello. Her murder, like Emilias, is through no fault of her own is a result of Othellos jealousy and Iagos interference. W hat makes Desdemona even more tragic to the audience is the fact that even in death she tries to protect her husband, state Emilia that she has killed herself, nobody, I myself, this further depicts to the audience that Desdemona is a good and pure character. Her devotion to her husband makes her a tragic victim in the play as she can not be blamed for her death. contextually it is important to understand how women are presented as tragic victims of men in Othello.Contemporary views of women were, according to Sir doubting Thomas Elyot to be mild, timorous, tractable, benign, of sure remembrance, and shamefast. Conversely men were seen to be fierce, strong in opinion, covetous of glory, aspiring(a) of knowledge, appetiting by generation to bring for his semblable. Elyots views of the contemporary man, though much grander than those of women, could prove to be their downfall in Othello. Shakespeares protagonists downfall could be based on the fact that he is desirous of knowledge, and Iagos manipulation ofOthellos trustworthy nature suggests that not only are women the tragic victims of men, but it is men who are also victims of men. The use of derogatory language and coarse sexual imagery is use by Shakespeare to show the male characters misogynistic attitudes towards women, and this is evident whenever Iago speaks of the opposite sex. His lamenting of Desdemona, a character who is pure and good throughout the play, particularly portrays how women are presented as tragic victims of men. He tells Brabantio that a faint ram is tupping your white ewe, referencing Othello and Desdemonas romance.The contrast of black and white suggests that Iago views Desdemona and women in general as punishable beings, which further suggests to the audience that women are tragic victims of men in Othello as it is the men who are guilty, not the women. Desdemonas father, Brabantio, holds a highly misogynistic view towards his daughter upon hearing of her affection for Othello, when he answers the question is she gone? with aye to me. Iago also views women as objects- look to your house, your daughter and your bags, his materialistic view of women, in which equating Desdemona to material good, suggests that Iago is a misogynist as he does not hold women in high regard at all. In conclusion, women are certainly presented by Shakespeare as tragic victims in Othello, however it is not completely at the hands of the male characters. Yes, both Emilia and Desdemona die at the hands of their husbands, but it is through societys expectations of women that they are murdered, as well as Iagos evil manipulation of The Moor.Desdemona dies through no fault of her own, this making her a tragic victim at the hands of Othello, as she has not commit any sin, and she is only murdered through Iago suggesting to Othello that she had been cheating on Cassio. Desdemona is also a tragic victim as not only has she done nothing wrong, but throughout the play she is portrayed by Shakespeare as a genuinely good and pure character. Emilia is a tragic victim as ultimately she dies from knowing that Desdemonas murder was due to the actions of her husband. Finally it was the women who were tragic victims at the hands of a society where the man is judge, jury and executioner, as well as manipulating them to satisfy their selfish needs.

Human Behavior in the Organization in Global Perspective Essay

Does other theories actual by the foreign managerial experts be applicable in the Philippines Settings?Human behavior in the organization had these so many theories that argon highly-developed in ordain to help managers and leaders utilize merciful some angiotensin-converting enzyme efforts exerted to actualize goals and future craved state of the organization or company. With this, human behavior in the organization is not only special to those countries that had developed some effective and surface proven theories, it is as well as the basis of the other countries having trouble in managerial process of handling individual differences.So, a global sharing and give information roughly the theories was executed in order to help those undeveloped countries in terms of economic status whereby, it is believed that with these theories, it could be the key for a undeveloped country to attain sought after economic status. Undeveloped countries whitethorn also be pertain to the c ountries trying to be in the middle class countries where there is an ascertained desired for knowledge and information on how to make managerial skills of the persons who argon in the authority to be developed or enhance. Philippines is iodine of those countries who is indeed, in need of these information, but the question is does these theories truly equate or conciliate here in the Philippines?Theories are basically the systematic grouping of interdependent concepts and principles that holds a frame perish to a significant area of knowledge. While in designing an effective organizational structure, there are a number of principles and concepts that are interrelated and that have a predictive lever for managers. The brilliance of theory is to go forth a means of classifying significant and pertinent care information and knowledge. Theories constitute the belief system and prudence orientations that, consequently, affect the organization. With this, the Filipino managers and leaders had a hard time to formulate an effective pattern of processes and procedures base on the theories of other countries.It been detect that an individuals demand are the main characters that plays the biggest role on the motivating and moving people to exert their efforts on the line of products. speaking of motivation, Maslows hierarchy of needs is one of the famous and had been said to be effective on the companies and international organizations. Well, here in the Philippines, it is also observed but, it is not been completey utilized and understand by those who manages the Philippines System today. Just to illustrate, the first stage on the hierarchy of needs is the physiological needs that indicate the basic needs for sustaining life such as food, water, air, and shelter. This stage is being stipulation full attention by Filipinos, because as part of our culture, we tend to give everything just to make indisputable the survival of our family members and also, we tend to extend it as giving everything that would make us feel comfortable as we live our lives.The second stage is the security needs, where it is the stage of which indicates the needs to be free from any danger, loss of job, and deprivation. The Philippine society, especial on those places where crimes are rampant, individuals are in full alert to avoid danger. Also, we Filipinos give value to our jobs. As being observed, only few have their jobs so they do whatever it takes just to make sure that they will stay holding that job given to him or her.The third stage is the affiliation or sufferance needs which include the thought of us, as human being, are social. This stage discusses the value of an individual and it is recognize by his companions and superiors. In the Philippines, respect is well observed as to the organizational processes and procedures being done inside a certain organization. Meaningful inter-personal telling is one our strengths as Filipinos where we hav e the characteristics of helping others and respecting their personal decisions and acts.The other 2 stages are being observed on few people inside an organization where they had their own ways of fulfilling the first 3 needs introduced by Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslows theory discusses an individual as to his or her birth, effectivenesss are present. The potential for psychological growth and health is present in every person at birth. The theory targets the individuals motivational factors that drive the individual to do well in his or her particular job. Filipinos, are more likely the persons who are being motivated by social acceptance and love. Filipinos are lover of relating their own experiences and letting their companions feel that he, who is relating his life to the organizations condition, trust his companions and seeking for understanding and acceptance to them.Another theory is the Skinner Operant Theory that indicates the human needs are the determinant to human behavior. Burrhaus Frederick Skinner. He believed that the surround determines the individual behavior flatt if he alters the environment. The workers can be motivated by justly creating the work environment and providing rewards or stimulus for desirable workers answerance. It is the external environment that influences the behavior people exhibit rather than their external needs, wants, and desires. In this theory, rewards or any positive reinforces of a certain behavior are found to be more powerful than the negative and neutral reinforces, even if both sets of reinforces may be used.Since the Philippines is composed of various kinds of ethnic groups, cultural mores, dialects, regional peculiarities, religious beliefs and value system, it is difficult to say what kind of behavioral style or attitudinal orientation will best fit the prevailing environment of a Filipino organization.Culture really made innovative measures of managers difficult to turn here in the Philippi nes where it should be done as it is being highly needed by the disparate Philippine organizations. Culture is being the hindrance of globalization especially in terms of process that may affect the human work behavior that will produce unnecessary organizational behavior. Globally genuine processes and behavioral patterns are considered to be unnecessary to adopt by the Filipino managers and leader whereby they take as infestation of our customs. Filipino traditional approach on motivating their subordinates as to which, they attack from the heart. Give importance to the things that an individuals want and love.Also, Filipinos managers must know the abilities and capabilities of a certain work group in order for him or her to maximize the skills of the individual inside that work group. Dealing with the problems that can be a hindrance to productiveness of an individual is one thing that manager must do in order for him or her to gain respect and gain recognition of his or her ef forts as the manager. Filipinos managers must show their beguile to hear and take some actions regarding the problems and issues raised by the formal or informal work groups. mite the atmosphere of work environment that the subordinates are experiencing every unmarried day is one of the examples of making sure that you are to understand the work behavior of a specific group of subordinates in the organization.A single interest could be one of the factors why a specific group is formed. With this, the management should know round that interest and then convert it into a motivational form and introduced it to the subordinate in able for the management to get the attention of that work group and then you start on making some matu ration steps in order for that group to be productive. Motivation is the driving force that pushes an individual to perform acts towards the execution of his or her job. Work group is very essential for it could be the greatest factor of organizations pro ductivity. The actions towards the job compromise the behaviors that are innate to the workers.Managers are bound to create motivational plans for every each one of his or her subordinates. Motivations are defined by needs. Effective work group is not just most the productivity itself, it is also about the development each member of the group by attaining their individuals goals and aspirations. Managements are bound to define the motivational factors of a work group in order to serve on their needs that will result to the expected productivity. Management productivity is defined as the ratio of inputs and outputs of the managerial process being done.The management who knows how a person works and what is the forces that keeps him on doing a ethical job performance is a good management. Work group behaviors should be a right constitute in order to classify these behaviors as effective. Making some efforts of redirecting behaviors that are essential and not powerful used by the person will definitely help you to lead the work group into success. organizational theory affirms that motivation is a matter of organizing jobs according to prevalent needs as related to situation, which if properly carried out results in efficient job structure and consequent favorable job attitudes.Theories from foreign lands are just the basis of what we have now the Filipino Management where inter-personal relationship and humanitarian way treating subordinates are the main focus. The relationship of people within the organization, the feelings people have about the structure they placed to work in, and the input of these feelings on their work are of outmost importance. With this, the manager should make adjustment on giving the subordinates motivations that can lead to effective work group behavior. Formulating our own way to management our own running(a) potentials, environment, motivational factors and conditions will surely make us realize and actualized desired goals, our own goals as Filipinos.

Budgeting Process Is a Waste of Time and Valuable Resources Essay

A budget is a plan for financial gumptioning an enterprise or governing body during a definite period, which is prep ard and submitted by a responsible executive to a representative body (or other duly constituted agent) whose approval and countenance ar necessary before the plan may be executed. In the case of Uganda, it is a financing plan for one year created by the president and approved by Parliament. Some scholars need argued that budgets atomic number 18 a waste of time and valuable resources.But this statement is not entirely current as the budget process has some very useful roles in world administration as shown below- Financial control. Government needs to be able to exercise control over the ministries and departs i. e. to farm sure that the ministries are keeping to plan and that necessary actions can be taken to put them back on track when needed. Government needs to have control tools to make sure that financial plans and targets are being achieved, and the best tool is the budget.The budget is a plan set out in numbers, which enables the regime to exercise control. The difference between what is budgeted to happen and what actually happens is termed a variance. A favorable variance fashion that ministry or department is doing rise up while an adverse variance shows those that are not. Allocation of scarce resources. peerless of the biggest tasks of government is the parceling of scare resources. This is very much done through the budget. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the center to peripheral levels.Because the budgetary process is often participatory, it enable the various ministries and local governments to grade their needs and present them to the centre. Programme Coordination. The budget process serves very well to coordinate government departments and ministries. It is at this budget process that the government can get to know who is doing what and at what cos t. Government can for warning be able to tell that water for irrigation has been covered under the Ministry of Agriculture and should at that placefore be omitted from the Ministry of wet and Environment.Communication. The customary budget serves as a communication tool to a variety of audiences. The general public, civic society, and legislators all receive tuition from the budget process. Once the budget has been approved by the legislature and sign(a) into law, the ministries and other agencies become the information recipients. Importantly, each of these actors perceives the budget differently. Budget also communicates upwards. Ministries and various agencies must prepare a budget that persuades the president that they support him and his manifesto.At this level of the process, the information in the budget written document must explain why a program deserves continued support, how it meets the presidents constitution priorities, and how well it is using the resources it has been given. After a ministry budget has been incorporated into the national budget the primary audience for communicating information shifts from the executive to the legislative branch of government. The primary goal at this stage is to provide information to legislature with the recommendations and analysis that serve as the basis for their decisions.Perhaps the most important purpose for public budgeting is to communicate a ministrys intentions and performance to the citizens. The media also plays a major role in presenting budgets to the citizens. The expose events in the budget processes and budget documents must serve to support a mass communication task. self-made communication helps to build legitimacy for the government and its programs. Budgeting as a Governing Tool. Public budgeting has become an progressively central galvanizing force for both the administrative and policy side of governance.This process begins with the preparation of program-level, agency-level, and thusly ministry-level requests for the coming fiscal year. This budget process presents a political platform for the s resource of policy choices and for the allocation of resources to support those choices. The development of a national budget provides the foundation from which to organize a coordinated chemical reaction to these complex problems and needs. Financial Account exponent. Reflecting its roots, the budget process provides the tools to ensure financial accountability.Legislative oversight and audit functions are important activities that provide an opportunity for ministries to demonstrate that they have complied with legislative directives. This compliance provides assurances to both elected officials and to the public that the ministry and its programs are serving the public intimacy. Influence on the Economy . The spending and taxation policies of the central government and local governments have economic impact. Of course, the central government, with its sh11 trillion for 2012/2013 has far more impact on the deliverance than millions the local governments spend.From an economists point of view, the budget serves the following combination of economic objectives * funds genial service programs for those in need, thus increasing the demand for private sector goods and services * reflects tax policy that affects business and individuals * reflects and funds the enforcement of commercial, transportation, land use and environmental regulations that affect the business climate * funds education and other training programs that enhance the countrys human and economic resources * funds routine purchases (like stationary) and pileus projects (like Bujagali dam) that stimulate economic activity * serves to redistribute wealth across the countrys residents and * Supports the government as the largest single employer. Public Budgeting as Political tool. The budget process presents a series of opportunities for elected officials and interest gro ups. The perspectives and needs of elected officials and interest groups may frequently contrast with the values and hopes of most public administrators. sagacity these contrasting needs is a useful key to understanding the budget process. Elected officials must move to their constituents needs and demonstrate a record of leadership. MPs must demonstrate an ability to use government to solve problems in their constituencies. Survival of an MP rests on this ability. In contrast, civil servants often rely on public service and professional values to guide their sense of action and accomplishment. For example, at the ministry of finance, the minister (who is not elected) and budget analysts are primarily committed to acquiring the resources necessary to maintain the cost-effective and effective delivery of programs, not delivering on promises to constituents.The budget process provides leadership opportunities to bridge and reconcile these competing perspectives. The promises of an e lection campaign must be quickly translated into policies and programs. Campaign goals and visions must be translated into legislation and directives that can unsnarl and reorient the ministries. The budget also provides an opportunity for the executive to engage with the legislature. When executive and legislative branches are divided, compromise is usually necessary to meet the constitutional duty shared by the Executive and legislative branches i. e the president must present a budget to the legislature and the parliament is constitutionally required to decree a budget. Waste of time.On many instances, however, budgets may appear of a waste of time when they are not adhered too. In Uganda for example, The Monitor newspaper reported that the budget for Sate House had jumped from Shs66. 1 billion approved in September last year to Shs204. 4 billion. On the day to day running, there always unforeseen consequences that governments have to cater for and often need extra resources be yond what is budgeted for. An example in Uganda was the Bududa landslides, In the US we have seen incidences such Hurricane Katrina that devastated New Orleans in 2005. But that is only a perception. Budgets play a very big role in public management and administration.

Critique Nursing Journal Article

Complications from, and economic be associated with diabetes are on the rise. The concern is that this global health epidemic is only expected to worsen in the coming decades. One numerical research chew over aims to improve persevering outcomes specifically related to square-toed control of transmission line glucose level, by linking patient outcomes with health literacy and patient in consecrate. A quantitative study consisting of a convenience sample of 102 subjects from two urban health care centers was use.Patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and diabetes related acquaintance, and clinical slump were measured. The results of this study are mixed in supporting the hypothesis that low-downer health literacy directly impacts glycemic control. The 2010 light-emitting diodeger article titled, Impact of health literacy and patient trust on glycemic control in urban the States population from breast feeding Health and Sciences, hypothesizes a direct relationship i n the midst of a patients overall health literacy and the ability to maintain glycemic control.Also read thisCritique of Stuff Is Not repurchaseThe studys intent is to examine questions related to health literacy and a patients trust in their health care provider to make a connection to how well the subjects managed glycemic control. Questions related to potential embossment are also relevant. Author, Josephine M. Mancuso, PhD, ANP-BC from Marquette University, has published articles in the following nursing journals ledger Of Nursing Care Quality, Journal Of Professional Nursing Official Journal Of The American Association Of Colleges Of Nursing, Western Journal Of Nursing Research, and Nursing & Health Sciences.In this research study, the author seeks to examine correlational statistics between dependent and self-governing varyings. The venture purpose is often to generate hypotheses that can be tested in experimental research. In her study, Mancuso used the following set of eligibility criterion subjects were ? 18 years of age, fluent in English, confirmed diabetes type 1 or 2, HbA1c within 6 months of the study, and received treatment for diabetes at least twice in the previous year. Using the above criteria, 102 subjects total ere selected from two different urban healthcare clinics (Mancuso, 2010). This study aims to draw correlation between glycemic control (dependent variable) and overall health literacy and patient trust (independent variables). According to Polit & Beck, a dependent variable is what is measured in an experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it can non exist without the independent variable. An independent variable can be controlled and manipulated (Polit & Beck, 2010).Strength of this research is the highlighting positive effects of suitable glycemic control on overall health. The author states, Control of blood glucose is a central outcome of diabetes caution (2010). This suggests that with proper maintenance of blood glucose levels and by lowering the HbA1c by 1%, patients can extend their living expectancy 5-8 years with lowered risks of eye, kidney, and peripheral nerve complications (2010). Strength is also found in governance of statistical information from the American Diabetes Association.While conducting the study, Mancuso noned that 35% of participants achieved the desired HbA1c of ?7% (2010). She cites the ADA account that, 37% of adults diagnosed with diabetes in the USA achieve glycemic control (Mancuso, 2010). It is all important(predicate) for all individuals with diabetes to be mindful of blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels to reduce potential life- qualifying complications of diabetes. Finally, strength in the research is found in the correlation of a souls level of depression and trust in healthcare providers.Mancuso states, The current ?ndings are congruent with and conve y to the other studies that evaluated the in?uence of patient trust and depression on glycemic control (2010). This is important to healthcare professionals in part because communication can be hindered if depression is present. Recognizing depression and opening lines of communication is crucial in establishing patient trust (2010). When a patient trusts the health care professional, they will likely be more open to discussing symptoms, adherence to medication management, and non-compliance with health care regimen.With this information, the health care professional can make up a plan of care that is individualized and meets the unique learning style needs of every patient. improve patient trust will improve patient outcomes. Limiting characteristics that potentially threaten the validity of the results imply a relatively small sample size of a homogenous population, potential cultural curve and lack of congruent variables. If a sample size is too small, it whitethorn be diffi cult to escort any significance in the relationship between the variables.Also, a small sample size may not provide a representative distribution of the population being studied (Mancuso, 2010). In addition, the studys objective and design were incongruent. Lack of a control group threatens internal validity because it was not clear if any benefits observed accurately reflected correlation between dependent and independent variables. Perhaps with this low income demographic, simply having access to a physician would have been sufficient to foster improved patient outcomes. In addition, it is not clear how or why these urban health care centers were selected.Whether or not at that place is any affiliation persuade remains uncertain. External validity is questioned because it was not clear to whom the results would benefit. Potential bias is evidenced in the following statement by Mancuso, The use of such similar samples that capture the running(a) poor is rather generalized in it s interpretations. This could lead to potential bias as socioeconomic and demographic information was collected (2010). Additionally, patient trust develops from an initial vulnerability that eventually results in a credit on the provider to care for their interests and needs.If a person is feeling intimidated or their current health literacy level prevents them from fully understanding information given, faulty findings may be demonstrated in this quantitative study. Further limitation is discovered in the lack of identified disturbances that increased health literacy and patient trust. Whether an intervention is effective, on whom it is effective, how much benefit it produces and whether or not it is associated with negative outcomes should be addressed. Clearly, this study had many weaknesses that limit its value and the applicability of results.It is not clear why the study was not labeled simply as an exploratory qualitative study. Possibly further research exists on the topi c. Ultimately, the convenience sample of 102 patients with diabetes demonstrated that patient trust and patient depression was significant. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between a test subjects lack of knowledge of diabetes management and low health literacy (Mancuso, 2010). denudation of the correlation between an increase in health literacy and an increase in diabetes knowledge was found (2010).A positive correlation was found between a patients HbA1c level and that patient scurvy from depression. A negative correlation was found between patient trust and HbA1c. As patient trust increased, HbA1c decreased (Mancuso, 2010). These results indicate that promotion of the patientprovider relationship, adequate depression screening in individuals with diabetes, as well as needed exploration of new strategies for diabetes education are much needed interventions in the goal of glycemic control.According to the study, the majority of participants who demonstrat ed poor glycemic control conversely demonstrated health literacy. It is not known how or why some individuals with satisfactory health literacy revealed poor glycemic control. Because of this, the study fails to connect health literacy and glycemic control in the test subjects (Mancuso, 2010). The significant variables related to proper glycemic control were patient trust and depression (Mancuso, 2010).Brega,et al state, results indicated that diabetes-related knowledge is a key mediator of the relationship between health literacy and glycemic control and highlighted the important association of diabetes knowledge with health behavior (2012). Similarly, a study by Coffman, Norton & Beene, acknowledged a knowledge deficiency related to diabetes. This lack of knowledge when coupled with low health literacy created obstacles to health care and prevented accommodate interventions (2012). The importance of the direction of this study is most relevant.The author attempts to address barri ers to glycemic control that lead to complications from diabetes. Disease complications and emerging costs associated with diabetes, is likened to a public health crisis that is projected to only get worse. The improvement of diabetes related outcomes could potentially positively impact all health care system. Future research in all areas of diabetic monitoring and teaching will be needed to advance the structure of diabetes education. The WHO estimates that 347 million people cosmopolitan have diabetes.The WHO projects that diabetes related deaths will double between 2005 and 2030 (2013). No longer is diabetes associated with the gluttonous rich. The WHO states, More than 80% of people with diabetes live in low and middle-income countries (WHO, 2013). Diabetes has become a disease of poverty in veritable countries. Incidents of diabetes is increasing most rapidly in developing countries, in theory, because industrialization and urbanization have led to a decrease in time to prep are a nutritious meal and costs associated with bright produce is prohibitive.Preservation of functional status and improvement in quality of life can be achieved with proper management of diabetes through adequate glycemic control. Depression and any correlation with patient trust of healthcare providers will need further investigation in other patient demographics. As we struggle to fight diabetes, ongoing encouragement of individuals to change their lifestyle choices may be the best way to proceed.

Developmental Psychology and Anecdotal Assignment

CLDDV hundred and whizz Anecdotal Observation Assignments Education of the mind without education of the message is non education at any. Aristotle Goal Observing Children The goal of musing is to enhance your seeing of the major concepts and milest wizs of dilatement through observation of real boorren instead than just reading or hearing virtually how kidskinren grow and develop. Child development refers to the kinds of transports that occur from conception through late adolescence.Physical (fine and gross/large motor), cognitive, emotional, br another(prenominal)ly, self- nutrition, and aesthetic development result be explored through these observations, providing a brief account of development as it occurs. In tack onition, using strong-written anecdotical records instructors be better able to track a nestlings interests, how a nestling is getting a pertinacious, instruction, and progressing in a program, become the basis for planning developmentally hol d course of study to help the child build skills, and run through documentation to support classroom assessments.Observations, recorded over time, and deputy of all domains of development fuck present a comprehensive picture of a childs development . Child ontogeny/Developmental Domains Child development foc social occasions on the processes of alteration and stability in children from conception through late adolescence. Developmental scientists study both quantitative change and qualitative change in children. Quantitative change is a change in number or amount, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as in height, weight, size of vocabulary, or frequency of communication and is continuous throughout childhood.Qualitative change is a change in kind, structure, or organization and is discontinuous. It is marked by the emergence of new phenomena that fanny non be anticipated well on the basis of earlier dramactioning. One example is the change from a nonverbal child to one and only(a) who understands words and can use them to communicate. The processes of change and stability that developmental scientists study occur in domains. For purposes of study, developmental scientists separate the domains into divergent aspects of the self including somatic (small and large muscles), cognitive, emotional, and personalsocial.All domains argon interrelated. Physical Development growth of the be and brain, the development of sensory capacities and motor skills including health. cognitive Development change and stability in mental abilities, much(prenominal) as learning, memory, oral communication, turn overing, moral reason out, and creativity. Emotional Development change and stability in the development of a safe range of emotional responses to proceedss and fundamental moveions from sad to happy to angry, and learning to deal with them appropriately. Social Development growth in ones ability to interact and communicate with others in gistful wa ys. 01 anecdotic engagement 09/29/2010 1 Piagets Concrete Pre-operational Stage (2-7 long time of age) The preschool-aged children that you will be observing have entered into Piagets preoperational layer of cognitive development. The key feature of childrens thinking in this stage is symbolisationic representation. The child is instanteradays able to use a symbol, an object, or a word to stand for something else. The use of symbols can be clearly seen in the childs use of language for example, the child can now represent objects in the environment with the appropriate word and can refer to previous(prenominal) and future events.The use of symbols is also appargonnt in childrens drawings, imitation, mental imagery, and symbolic head for the hills. For example, a preoperational child might be comed feeding her doll imaginary cereal or drawing a picture of the balloons at her last birthday party. Thinking in terms of symbols does permit more flexibility and planning in thei r paradox solving. Despite these increases in cognitive skills, the thought processes of preoperational children result in characteristic differences in reasoning. Because they do non use logical operations, their reasoning much seems flawed to adults.One of the to the highest degree easily observed differences in how preoperational children reason at this age is the tendency to view the world from ones own post only, a phenomenon that Piaget termed egocentrism. Because of egocentric thinking, preoperational children whitethorn hide by covering their eyes or only part of their bodies, believing that if they cant see the seeker than they, themselves, cant be seen. Other preoperational reasoning errors result from thinking that is intuitive, rather than logical.For example, preschool children are incapable of conservation they do not understand that received properties of objects, such as volume or mass, do not change just because the superficial display of the object changes . Preoperational children are not only tied to their perceptions, they are also unable to de-center their thinking, or think about more than one aspect of a problem at a time. Their thinking shows what Piaget called irreversibility they are unable to reverse or mentally undo an action. During this stage of development, children acquire new words at an astronomical rate.These rapid gains in childrens vocabulary are accompanied by mastery of more complex grammatical structures such as forming past tenses and plurals. As children acquire the grammatical rules of their language, a role of error called overregularization may occur in which children overuse the basic rules of language. For example, a 2 ? or 3-year-old may adduce, I bringed my puppy, or My feets are cold. Children also become more likely to use correct syntax that is, they become more aware of how words should be ordered to convey a particular meaning. Childrens companionship about gender and gender-role expectation s develops actually early.Preschoolers have a strong sense of gender identity, a sense of being male or female. Between the ages of 4 and 6, children develop gender constancy the fruition that gender stays the kindred regardless of how one faces or behaves. At this point, they may adopt very rigid streamers for what they believe is appropriate male and female dress and behavior. 101 anecdotal appellative 09/29/2010 2 Preschool children are more likely to play with sex-appropriate toys that is, boys are more likely to play with uninventive boy toys such as trucks and girls are more likely to play with stereo exemplary girl toys such as dolls and kitchen sets.Over the preschool historic period, gender segregation also increases, as children are more likely to play with same-sex peers rather than opposite-sex peers. Preoperational childrens social interactions become increasingly reciprocal and coordinated, which is reflected in their play. Childrens play can be divided into four categories, ranging from least to most socially complex nonsocial application (onlooker and solitary), parallel play, associable play, and cooperative play. Around the age of 4 of 5 there is a developmental shift in the lineament of play in which children engage.Four and five year olds begin to demonstrate constructive play, drawing pictures or working on puzzles in pairs or groups, purposefully creating and constructing something together. Play also becomes more complex as children begin to experiment with both everyday and imaginary roles through pretend or dramatic play. This type of play involves advances in cognition, perspective taking, and communication skills. While there are individual differences in development, most children develop typically.Some children, however, may show significant maturational delays or differences these children are often identified with developmental disabilities. While many developmental disabilities are identified primed on delays or differences from what we know of typical development, and divers(prenominal) labels are utilize to describe the patterns of difference. It is important to remember, however, that a child with a disability is foremost and foremost a child, and that all children are typical in many ways. So instead of verbalise disabled child, it is more appropriate and respectful to state a child with a disability. written material scientific disciplines If you struggle with your penning skills, there are several resources including enrolling in CLDDV-48, securing a mentor through the initiate Program (see instructor for referral), utilizing MJCs writing lab or tutoring center, or working with a practiced highschool or college student or peers to review your assignments before they are due. The following pointers will help your success in writing effective and informative observational reports. o Use the spell and grammar teach functions in your computers writing program. Carefully review versions of commonly used words such as theyre (they are), their (their shoes), and there (There are the missing shoes. ) o Carefully review words such as indeed and than ? Then connotes the relationship between actions, such as, We will learn about anecdotal records and then running records. ? Than connotes a comparative measurement, such as, Amanda is taller than Dylan. o The over use of the word then is another area to consider. Try to limit your use of it in your observational reports as it is often used excessively. o Learn the correct format for quotations.Anytime you are reporting what the child said, you must use the standard quotation format. Example Kevin could not reach the ball. He said, Teacher will you get the ball for me? 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 3 o When children are using tricycles, the word that describes how their feet work is pedal. Examples He pedaled. She pedaled. He was pedaling. o Write your anecdotal observational reports in past tense. This means your verbs will often end in ed. Examples Julia played with the trains. Kevin walked from the blocks to the carpet area. Keifer asked the teacher, May I have my turn now? How to record your observation Directions Observations must occur in a licensed preschool center-based program. Licensed childrens centers are programs that operate either preschool and/or full-day child shell out services for children between 30 months and 5 years of age. They are licensed by the State of California, Department of Social Services, Community Care Licensing and receive site visits and inspections on a regular basis. The following are NOT acceptable as observation sites family child care homes, faith based nursery programs, family events, park visits, or play whiles.Past experience has demonstrated that these observations are not effective for the purpose of this course. Select a program that is willing to work cooperatively with you and provide the demand information such as the childs b irth date. It is appropriate to give out a faux name to the child to keep the childs name anonymous. Find a position where you can observe without interfering or interacting with the activities of the classroom. Come prepared with your paper and writing implements so that you do not interrupt the staff. A clipboard or supportive binder is appropriate, so that you can write on your lap. play along a low profile. Computer Generated Work/Word Processed Work/Paper Headings All text file must be word processed (typewritten), with no less than a 12 font, length and a half. In addition, each paper submitted is required to be labeled with the information below in the outstrip left hand corner of the first page. Please number each page and staple all pages together. Papers will be graded as follows o Required Information 10% o Conforms to format provided 10% o Written content, answers assignment 50% o Writing (grammar, spelling, syntax, structure, etc. 30% Developmental Domains /required to focus on for each observation o Anecdote 1-Physical Development/ walloping Motor Skills (i. e. pedaling a tricycle, hopping, skipping, swinging) or Physical Development/Small Motor Skills (i. e. cutting, drawing, painting, beading) o Anecdote 2- Cognitive Development (i. e. pre-mathematics, science, memory, cause/effect, following directions) o Anecdote 3-Emotional Development (i. e . typically there will be some type of social interaction where you record the childs emotional response to the interaction) 01 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 4 o Anecdote 4-Social Development (i. e. a social interaction between the child you select and one other child you may NOT record an observation between a child and an adult. ) Please record the dialogue between the ii children. This anecdote may be slightly longer than your first three anecdotal observations. Anecdote Write verbs in past tense. Select ONE preschool-aged child who is 3, 4, or 5 years of age. The child you select i s the focus in your anecdote. Follow the child as s/he moves, if needful.Quickly record in sequence all activity and try to quote, word for word, the childs speech. It is not necessary to quote a teachers comments just summarize teacher comments. Your very first sentence in the anecdote needs to light upon that the child who is the primary focus. Observe and document in writing a developmentally significant event keep written documentation for later use when typing so that you are not pulling from memory. A developmentally significant event is representative of the childs particular age and stage of development.Typically, a significant event in the childs day is something that you would share with the parent/ angel dust at the end of the day while discussing the childs growth and development. Be specific and date each anecdote. cartridge clips note beginning time of significant moment. The anecdote is one short story, which is machinated around a beginning, middle and end of a story. Some anecdotes may be 15 proceedings long (i. e. several sentences) especially when documenting social interactions and conversations but most will be 2-3 minutes long (i. . 5-7 sentences. ) Avoid subjective statements where you give your opinion or vex inferences about things like, o Goodness or badness (instead of saying that the childs behavior was bad, state that when the other child grabbed the puzzle, the child reached over and hit) o Intentions (instead of saying that the child was waiting for the teacher to punctuate him, state without saying a word, the child was quietly standing next to his teacher) o Feelings/Emotions (instead of saying child is mad, state child is stomping feet, etc. Skill Building Verbs will be written in a mixture of tenses as you share what child did in the past in order to explain childs current skill base Include two specific skills that the child is learning as from the documented significant event. Write two complete sentences and key the domain area (i. e. aesthetic development cognitive development, emotional development physical development/fine motor physical development/ large motor elf-help skills social development. ) 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 5 Subjective Summary Verbs will be written in a mixture of tenses as you share what child did in the past in order to explain childs current skill base You, the observer, share your professional opinion about what you observed during the developmentally significant moment. When you share your opinion, follow it with a statement of something observed to support your statement.Stay away from words such a good and great and also stay away from labeling and diagnosing behavior such as attention-deficit or autism. ) advertion to help the child continue to progress (When making the lead, consent a look at the childs current skill base and then make a adumbrateion to scaffold to a more complex activity) You, the observer, share your professional recommendation for future curriculum activities. Suggest similar activities that will help the child increase proficiency in the area that s/he is building skills.If the child appears to be at the mastery level of his/her developmental stage of development, then suggest a more complex activity that you believe is still developmentally appropriate for that child. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 6 Sample Anecdotal Assignment (Set up your assignment using this same format the sample format in the syllabus is not correct. You are welcome to copy and bedcover this sample into your own word document and then replace the existing information with your information. CLDDV 101 inhabit name, first name Smith, Laurie Title of Assignment Anecdotal Observation 1 Due Date Wednesday, family 15, 2010 Date off-key In Wednesday, September 15, 2010 (on time) or Wednesday, September 22, 2010 (late) (Note if you are turning in the assignment on time, then you will enter the same date for Due Date and Date Turned In. If you are turning it in 7 days late, then you will enter two different dates. Name of preschool Address of preschool Phone number of preschool Name of head teacher Date of visit Time of significant event Number of teachers present Number of children present Name of child (it is okay to give the child a fictitious name) angelique Birth date of child January, 2006 Age of child including years and months 4 years and 8 months Focused on the following developmental domain Physical Development/Large Motor Objective Anecdote (do NOT use subjective words such as happy, sad, nervous, excited) While outside during free choice, angelica walked over to Daisy and asked, Do you want to go swing? Daisy responded with a smile on her face, and then they ran to the swings. With the help of a teacher giving Angelica some shabu pushes, she smiled and began to pump. She looked at Daisy and said, Look. Im up so high Daisy, who was pumping on the swing next to her, responded by s aying, Me too. Angelica continued to swing next to Daisy for a few more minutes before mournful to another activity. Skill Building (select from map below or create your own) In terms of Angelicas physical development/large motor skills, she is developing balance and strengthening the large muscles in her arms and legs as she pumps on the swing.A second skill that Angelica is building is in the area of social development. The emergence of prosocial behavior is observed as she respectfully invites the other child to swing and then continues to interact with her in a positive manner during this interaction. Subjective Summary (in this area you can use your opinion) by and by observing Angelica swing, it is believed that she has well-developed physical coordination in the area of her large motor skills as she is able to draw out pumping on the 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 7 swing with just a petty help from the teacher getting her started.In addition, Angelica appears to p lay well with other children as noted when she not only respectfully invited another child to swing, but also continued to initiate a conversation with the other child while swinging. Suggestion to help the child continue to progress (When making the suggestion, deem a look at the childs current skill base and then make a suggestion to scaffold to a more complex activity) In the area of curriculum development, it is suggested that Angelica continue to be provided with opportunities to engage in large motor activities such as swinging, running, jumping, climbing, and pedaling on a tricycle.Since, she already knows how to pump while on the swing, it is suggested that the teachers show her how to start the swing moving back and by without the help of a teacher. This is a difficult skill to learn, so it is important to allow Angelica the choice to start on her own and/or get a starter push from a teacher as she works on skill building in this area. (If she was not able to pump at four years and eight months, you might say She is encouraged to continue to practice swinging with the support of a teacher who can suspension down the steps as she teaches her how to pump.If she was only three years old, you might say She is encouraged to continue to have positive experiences on the swing with the help of a teacher putting her on the swing and pushing her. As she grows older, a teacher can break down the steps as she teaches her how to pump. ) 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 8 Use this chart to help you locate skills that the child is developing. The fanciful Curriculum Goals and Objectives at a Glance SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT cognitive DEVELOPMENT Sense of Self Learning and Problem Solving -Shows ability to adjust to new situations. Observes objects and events with curiosity. -Demonstrate appropriate trust in adults. -Approaches problems flexibly -Recognizes own feelings and manages -Shows persistence in approaching tasks. them appropriately. -Explores cause and effect. -Stands up for rights. -Applies knowledge or experience to a new context. Responsibility for Self and Others -Demonstrates self-direction and independence. -Takes responsibility for own well being. -Respects and cares for classroom environment and materials. -Follows classroom routines. -Follows classroom rules. Prosocial Behavior -Plays well with other children. Recognizes the feelings of others and responds appropriately. -Shares and respects the rights of others. -Uses thinking skills to annunciation conflicts. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Gross Motor -Demonstrates basic locomotor skills (i. e. running, jumping, hopping, galloping. ) -Shows balance while moving. -Climbs up and down. -Pedals and steers a tricycle (or other wheeled vehicle. ) -Demonstrates throwing, kicking, and catching skills. Fine Motor -Controls small muscles in hands. -Coordinates eye-hand movement. -Uses tools for writing and drawing. formal Thinking -Classifies objects. Compares/measures. -Arranges ob jects in a series (i. e. sequence/set. ) -Recognizes patterns and can repeat them. -Shows awareness of time concepts and sequence. -Uses one-to-one correspondence. -Uses numbers and counting. Representation and Symbolic Thinking -Takes on pretend roles and situations. -Makes believe with others. -Makes and interprets representations (i. e. be a symbol for. ) LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Listening and Speaking -Hears and discriminates the sounds of language. -Expresses self using words and expanded sentences. -Understands and follows oral directions. Answers questions. -Asks questions. -Actively participates in conversations. Reading and Writing -Enjoys and values reading. -Demonstrates understanding of print concepts. -Demonstrates knowledge of alphabet. -Uses emerging reading skills to make meaning from print. -Comprehends and interprets meaning from books and other texts. -Understands the purpose of writing. -Writes letters and words. 2001 Teaching Strategies, Inc. Washington, DC. Permiss ion is minded(p) to duplicate in programs implementing The Creative Curriculum. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 9Use the following ideas to help you locate more skills that the child is developing. The developmental domain area (i. e. physical development, cognitive development, etc. ) is not identified therefore, you will need to identify the domain area when selecting skills from below. What Children Learn from Play WHEN I EASEL PAINT I look into -to develop imaging and creativity. -hand-eye coordination. -to distinguish and purposely create shapes. -to pack feelings and ideas. -that ideas have value. -relationships of space and size. -concepts of symmetry, balance, and design.WHEN I CUT WITH SCISSORS I image -to control the small muscles in my hand. -concepts of shape, size, color, and location. -to practice session belief and creativity. WHEN I SCRIBBLE AND DRAW I LEARN -to hold a pencil or other drawing implement and to control the pressure. -hand-eye coordination. - to use of goods and services imagination and creativity. -that ideas have value. -Concepts of shape, size, color, and location. WHEN I FINGER PAINT I LEARN -to make out imagination and creativity. -about how colorize mix to make new colors (science. ) -concepts and shape, size, color, and location. hand-eye coordination. -an acceptable way to make a mess, and have fun sharing ideas with others who are near. WHEN I PASTE, GLUE, AND COLLAGE I LEARN -to exercise imagination and creativity. -concepts of shape, size, color and location, and design, applicable to reading. -about different textures. -how to create patterns and designs, a math skill. WHEN I bleed WITH diarrhoea DOUGH OR system I LEARN -to see the shape against the background of the table, a reading skill. -concepts of shapes, sizes, length, and height. -to see negative space when cookie cutter shapes are taken away. to express feelings, especially negative feelings with squeezing and pounding. -to exercise imaginatio n and creativity. -that the amount of a substance remains the same even when the shape changes. WHEN I PLAY WITH sandpaper I LEARN to exercise my imagination. concepts of size, shape, and volume empty and full. how to use tools. to solve problems. concepts of warm and cool, wet, damp, and dry, heavy and light. how to play socially with others. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 10 to create own patterns and symbols, reading and writing skills. to observe changes, a science skill.EXAMINING OBJECTS AT A NATURE TABLE HELPS ME LEARN -new vocabulary. -concepts of texture, color, weight, and size. -to group objects into categories. -to observe likenesses and differences. -to appreciate nature and develop a sense of wonder. WHEN I SORT THINGS I LEARN -to notice details, likenesses, differences and to form categories, essential reading and math skills. -concepts of color, size, and shape. -numeral concepts of more and less. -logical reasoning. WHEN I STRING BEADS I LEARN -hand-eye coordin ation. -concepts of color, shape, and location. number concepts like more, less, longer, and shorter. -to create and reproduce patterns. -pride in accomplishment. WHEN I PLAY WITH PEGBOARDS I LEARN -one-to-one correspondence, one peg for one hole, a pre-math skill. -to make and repeat patterns, a pre-math skill. -concepts of addition as I add one peg at a time. -colors. -symmetry, shapes, order, and design. -hand-eye coordination. WHEN I DO COOKING PROJECTS I LEARN -about nutrition, tastes, and provender groups. -how heat and cold change things. -concepts of volume and measure. -vocabulary. -whole-part relationships, math concepts. awareness of my own and other cultures. WHEN I PLAY WITH BLOCKS, CARS, AND TRUCKS I LEARN -concepts of shape, size, length and location, all reading and math skills. -to create and repeat patterns, a math skill. -to exercise imagination. -to express ideas. -to cooperate with others. -to solve problems. -about the properties of wood. -to see oneself from a different perspective, that of a giant. WHEN I DO THINGS FOR MYSELF (SELF-HELP SKILLS), I LEARN -to competently care for own needs. -to control the small muscles in hands when buttoning and zipping. -to problem solve. to see oneself from a different perspective, that of a capable person. -self-confidence, as new skills are mastered. -I can teach others to help themselves. -awareness of the importance of hygiene when I wash my hands before eating or after toileting. WHEN I PLAY ON RIDING TOYS I LEARN -strength, balance, and large muscle coordination. -to use nil in a constructive way. -concepts of speed, direction, and location. -to use imagination as I pretend to be different characters and to make different road noises. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 11 -to negotiate and take turns. to solve problems -self-confidence, as I master new skills. WHEN I PLAY ON CLIMBING EQUIPMENT I LEARN -physical strength, coordination, and balance. -to use imagination. -to cooperate with other s when involved in group play. -to solve problems. -self-confidence as I develop new skills. WHEN I PARTICIPATE IN CIRCLE TIME ACTIVITIES I LEARN -to listen, sit still, and understand spoken words. -that ideas added to the discussion have value. -to wait when others are talking. -new vocabulary words. -to remember the words of songs and poems I have learned. -the names of others in the group. to cooperate and be considerate of the needs of others. -to help plan what we will do and what we will need to do it. WHEN I LOOK AT BOOKS AND LISTEN TO STORIES I LEARN -that learning to read is important and enjoyable. -that letters on a page represent words. -to express own thoughts, feelings and ideas better. -to exercise imagination. -to interpret pictures to represent words and ideas. -to listen well to spoken language. -to make up own stories. -to like books with care. -to secernate certain words when I see them in print. -to use more complex language patterns in my own speech. to follo w the development of thoughts and ideas in the plot of a story. Reading to children frequently is one of the surest ways to ensure that they themselves will become eager and capable readers. WHEN I SING SONGS I LEARN -principles of music and rhythm -vocabulary. -memory skills and sequencing. -to be conscious of others. -various concepts emphasized in songs. -auditory discrimination recognizing differences in sounds, necessary for learning to read. -awareness and identification with my culture and other cultures. WHEN I PLAY RHYTHM INSTRUMENTS I LEARN -to be conscious of rhythm in music. concepts of fast, slow, loud, and soft. -to express oneself in new and different ways. -listening skills. -auditory discrimination recognizing differences in sounds, necessary for learning to read. -to interpret and understand signals and cues. WHEN I PLAY LETTER GAMES I LEARN -to recognize and name upper and lower case letters. -to associate letters with the sounds they represent. -to recognize own name and other words. WHEN I DANCE I LEARN -balance and coordination. -to be conscious of the moods and rhythms of the music. -to express myself physically. 101 anecdotal assignment 9/29/2010 12 WHEN I PLAY WITH PUPPETS I LEARN -to express ideas with words. -to take on the role of someone else. -to use voice tones as well as words. -to use imagination. WHEN I PLAY IN THE DRESS-UP AREA I LEARN -to be flexible in my thinking and to make decisions. -to express oneself with my words. -to try on different adult roles. -to solve social problems through negotiation with friends. -to sort and organize play things. -to improvise and use things in a symbolic way to represent something else, abstract thinking. -to exercise my imagination and creativity.WHEN I SAY GOOD-BYE TO MY FAMILY WHEN I ARRIVE TO SCHOOL I LEARN -that the engaging relationships that I have created with my family provide me with the confidence and the ability to create caring relationships at school with my teachers and my friends. -how to say goodbye. -to express how I feel and I learn that my feelings will be accepted. -that my family will consistently reward each day to take me home. -that I am a capable person. 2001 Teaching Strategies, Inc. Washington, DC. Permission is granted to duplicate in programs implementing The Creative Curriculum. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 13