Flannery O’Connor’s “A Good Man is Hard to Find”

They say that God’s way are inscrutable, and this saying characterizes the concept of Flannery O’Connor’s story A Good Man is Hard to Find . The theme of living an empty life and the possibility of revelation for everybody is the main idea of the author. Through telling a simple, sometimes even comical story about common people, their stereotypes and narrow-mindedness she discloses the lack of spirituality in human life. This makes up the theme, which the author intended to raise. Speaking about the setting, it is important to mention that it by genre it can be referred to the so-called road story, which presupposes travel from one place to another – on the special level. But there is always a hidden message behind, which constitutes the figurative level of the narration. We know perfectly that a road is a popular metaphor of life and naturally a person who is moving along this road undergoes a kind of mental and spiritual change. The same is true about Flannery O’Connor’s piece of writing. The journey is from Georgia to Florida with a background of beautiful scenery: â€Å"Stone Mountain; the blue granite that in some places came up to both sides of the highway; the brilliant red clay banks slightly streaked with purple; and the various crops that made rows of green lace-work on the ground. The trees were full of silver-white sunlight and the meanest of them sparkled†.   A family of the Grandmother, her son Bailey with his wife and children make a trip by car a picturesque nature, paying no attention at it at all. The only person who is interested is the elderly lady but for some specific reasons – nostalgia about â€Å"the things as they used to be† and because travel can be educational for kids. Is it the road to heaven or to hell? I will try to answer this question further on. The plot, which forms the external texture of the story seems to be a case of fatal misfortune. The family goes travelling, get into a road accident in a remote area and are caught by a band of serial killer the Misfit who kills the whole family. Therefore, the external movement is from life to death. Internally, however, the direction is the opposite one, from death to life. This implication is embodied first of all in the character of the Grandmother, who has no name in the story. This fact of namelessness proves her to be a typical product of the contemporary society, deprived of any significant individuality. She is selfish, manipulative and full of herself as we meet her first. She is devoted to the past believing that â€Å"People are certainly not nice like they used to be†, the phrase which is not only her life credo but also reflects her attitude to herself. She considers herself to be good and right and does not notice that her values are false. Meeting with the Misfit, feeling herself at the brink of death causes dramatic change within the old woman. There is an irony in the fat that revelation to her is brought in such an unconventional way – through a religious talk with serial killer. But at the same time this is done by the author deliberately to signify some higher wisdom. The Misfit is a peculiar character, his name symbolizing all people’s loneliness and loss and emptiness. They don’t belong to the world God created for them, they mis-fit. And the problem is not like the Grandmother considered that people are not as nice as they used to be. The world we live in is our own reflection. As a matter of fact, the killer and the decent elderly woman who dresses up neatly because she wants to look like a lady in case of being killed in an accident, are not so far away from each other as they might seem to be. They were both brought up in the atmosphere devoid of spirituality and both of them have no God in their soul. The difference is that the Misfit recognizes the fact but the Grandmother doesn’t. She hides herself behind the conventional stereotypes of religion, which lies in habitual going to the church, praying on a regular basis, stealing nothing from the respectable citizens and so on. In a tough situation she first tries to appeal to the religious feelings of the killer but she fails because she is herself being superficial in her faith. That’s why when she tries to pray to Jesus, asking for help, her words come out differently: â€Å"Finally she found herself saying, â€Å"Jesus. Jesus,† meaning, Jesus will help you, but the way she was saying it, it sounded as if she might be cursing†. At this point she realizes that her faith was fake and at this very moment a new opportunity is given to her. Surprisingly, it is the Misfit who opened her eyes and her soul. He himself recognizes he doesn’t believe in God, the only thing which is definite is death. That’s why he thinks that Jesus broke balance when he raised the death. There would have been nothing certain left in the world, even death, if it were true. The misfit expresses an idea, which is very important: without spirituality one might as well â€Å"enjoy the few minutes you got left the best way you can — by killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him.† He means that if you are not willing to accept God’s love, the sin remains the same whether you are doing it small crimes or in big ones. The lives of the Misfit and the Grandmother were equally empty because they rejected salvation, which is possible through love. These seconds are so vitally important and enlightening for the woman that her soul gets completely transformed. She is suddenly filled with that divine love. Looking at the criminal who has killed her family and is going to kill herself, she exclaims: â€Å"†Why, you're one of my babies!† She realizes that her son and her grandchildren are so empty because she didn’t give them the love she had to, that’s why she realizes that the Misfit is her child in this sense. At the end, when the Misfit kills the old lady, he makes an interesting conclusion, which reveals the idea of the whole story: â€Å"She would of been a good woman,† The Misfit said, â€Å"if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life.† The sentence raises an important issue: is it necessary for a person to be on the brink of life and death to realize what was wrong in his or her life? Do the true values reveal themselves from delusions only when you are about to die? Aren’t we too much involved in day-by-day repetition of events to stop and see the truth? Probably we are just too afraid to be nobody, to feel the emptiness? These important questions arise after reading the story. So, is it the road to heaven or to hell? Who knows. Many people believe that a person who has no moral laws inside is free in what he does and feels no remorse about he deeds. At the example of the Misfit we see that the truth is more complex than that. Probably he doesn’t feel remorse, as he has no faith and no God to lean on but the problem is he feels nothing at all. His crimes were intended to be a kind of rebellion against God whom he never had in his life but it is a bitter rebellion. At the end of the story we find out that he feels no fun and no pride challenging God. â€Å"There is no real pleasure in life,† he says.

Interview questions for capital market & NSE Essay

What is capital Market? Capital market is a market of securities. Where a company and government raise long term funds. it is a market where money invested more them one year. In this we include the stock market and bond market Definition of ‘Debt’ An amount of money borrowed by one party from another. Many corporations/individuals use debt as a method for making large purchases that they could not afford under normal circumstances. A debt arrangement gives the borrowing party permission to borrow money under the condition that it is to be paid back at a later date, usually with interest. Definition of ‘Primary Market’ A market that issues new securities on an exchange. Companies, governments and other groups obtain financing through debt or equity based securities. Primary markets are facilitated by underwriting groups, which consist of investment banks that will set a beginning price range for a given security and then oversee its sale directly to investors Definition of ‘Secondary Market’ A market where investors purchase securities or assets from other investors, rather than from issuing companies themselves. The national exchanges – such as the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ are secondary markets. Secondary markets exist for other securities as well, such as when funds, investment banks, or entities such as Fannie Mae purchase mortgages from issuing lenders. In any secondary market trade, the cash proceeds go to an investor rather than to the underlying company/entity directly. What do you mean by Equity investment? Answer: An equity investment generally refers to the buying and holding of shares of stock on a stock market by individuals and firms in anticipation of income from dividends and capital gains, as the value of the stock rises. It may also refer to the acquisition of equity (ownership) participation in a private (unlisted) company or a startup company What do you mean by stock market or equity market? Answer: A stock market or equity market is a public entity (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) for the trading of company stock (shares) and derivatives at an agreed price; these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately. What do you mean by money market? Answer: The money market is a component of the financial markets for assets involved in short-term borrowing and lending with original maturities of one year or shorter time frames. What do you mean by stock exchange? Answer: A stock exchange is an entity that provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks, bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. What do you mean by Financial regulation? Answer: Financial regulation is a form of regulation or supervision, which subjects financial institutions to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to maintain the integrity of the financial system. This may be handled by either a government or non-government organization What are the Aims of financial regulation? Answer: Aims of regulation The aims of financial regulators are usually: * To enforce applicable laws * To prevent cases of market manipulation, such as insider trading * To ensure competence of providers of financial services * To protect clients, and investigate complaints * To maintain confidence in the financial system * To reduce violations under laws List some financial regulatory authorities * Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) * National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) * Financial Services Authority (FSA), United Kingdom What do you mean by NSE? Answer: The National Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1992 by Industrial Development Bank of India, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India, Industrial Finance Corporation of India, all Insurance Corporations, selected commercial banks and others. Trading at NSE can be classified under two broad categories: (a) Wholesale debt market and (b) Capital market. What are the advantages of NSE? (National Stock Exchange) NSE has several advantages over the traditional trading exchanges. They are as follows: * NSE brings an integrated stock market trading network across the nation. * Investors can trade at the same price from anywhere in the country since inter-market operations are streamlined coupled with the countrywide access to the securities. * Delays in communication, late payments and the malpractice’s prevailing in the traditional trading mechanism can be done away with greater operational efficiency and informational transparency in the stock market operations, with the support of total computerized network. Why India needs economic planning? One of the major objective of planning in India is to increase the rate of economic development, implying that increasing the rate of capital formation by raising the levels of income, saving and investment. However, increasing the rate of capital formation in India is beset with a number of difficulties. People are poverty ridden. Their capacity to save is extremely low due to low levels of income and high propensity to consume. Therefor, the rate of investment is low which leads to capital deficiency and low productivity. Low productivity means low income and the vicious circle continues. Thus, to break this vicious economic circle, planning is inevitable for India. What are general objectives of Indian Planning? The long-term general objectives of Indian Planning are as follows : * Increasing National Income * Reducing inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth * Elimination of poverty * Providing additional employment; and * Alleviating bottlenecks in the areas of : agricultural production, manufacturing capacity for producer’s goods and balance of payments. *

Methadone: government’s answer to heroine addiction

Methadone is a pain reliever similar to morphine that belongs to the group of drugs known as opioid. Opioids have chemical structures and actions similar to morphine. Methadone’s effects are longer lasting than that of heroine and are considered to be safe, well-tested medication for treatment of opioid addiction withdrawal and dependence state.Methadone as an opiate has something in common with Heroine. They occupy the same mu opioid receptors in the brain. Methadone is a synthetic drug, long-acting opioid whose effects last for 24 hours. It was proven to mimic heroine’s action in the brain without necessarily occupying all the mu opioid receptors. It therefore leaves enough of these receptors free to perform their specific roles and is the reason why methadone patients do not experience high. Methadone reduces the cravings with heroine and blocks the high from heroine use.Benefits of MethadoneMethadone has its own cost benefit by which a patient will only incur $13 pe r day because of its duration of action and very low cost (ONDCP 2000). This is taken a better and cost effective alternative to rehabilitation and incarceration. Withdrawal is much slower than that of heroine. The government finds it much possible to maintain an addict on methadone without undesirable harsh side effects. Methadone detox is only effective for addicts of heroine, morphine, and opioid drugs. Patients may require continuous treatment over a period of long years. Withdrawal symptoms may be regulated by gradual reduction of dosage medication.The truth about MethadoneMethadone is a synthetic drug which is habit forming. Methadone brings about a biochemical balance in the body but the patient remains physically dependent on the opioid. Regular usage develops certain tolerance. Methadones do not cure heroine addiction it only sustain addicts habit by its long-lasting effect characteristics. Methadone has this side effect that may impair thinking and reactions since it still is a form of opioid synthetic drug. The only success that can be attributed to Methadone is its ability to harm some mu opioid receptors while leaving others free to function. But what if the occupied receptors cannot accommodate Methadone anymore? Will it result to giving more harm by affecting the free receptors?The dos and don’ts of Methadone usageMethadone shall be used solely with no other drug combinations. The patient must avoid drugs that contain narcotics that may induce one to get drowsy or sleepy like cough, cold or pain relievers, muscle relaxants, medicine for seizures, depression or anxiety.Allergic reactions are known to be difficulty in breathing and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Serious side effects are known to include hallucinations or confusions, swelling of ankles or feet, urinating less than usual, chest pains, and feeling light headed or fainting.Overdose symptoms were observed to be shallow or decreased breathing, slow heart rate, sma ll pupils, cold clammy skin and coma or even death.Methadone administrationThe drug can be taken as a liquid or as a tablet for oral administration. The correct dosage shall be measured with a marked liquid measuring spoon or medicine cup. It can be also administered through injections.ConclusionsI do not believe that government has been helping its people by the introduction of methadone. Tolerance means the possibility of a tolerant person to function normally with a dose that may prove fatal to a non tolerant person. It does not treat nor cure the addiction but only sustain the habit economically for 24 hours because of its long-lasting effect. Methadone can proved fatal when the patient is out on the streets and may not be known to be using it. When plagued with cough and colds, there is a very big possibility that his mind and control defenses will go lax and buy over the counter drugs to treat the illness which is a big NO for this kind of treatment.The way I see it, it is the highway to free addiction and free fall to individual fatality. The free fall may not be on its effect as a treatment but purely on its established harmful effects when combined with other drugs that may be bought over the counter for relief of mild ailments. The harm is laxity and ignorance of the person being held responsible for his own treatment. Methadone may increase the effects of these other drugs and make drowsiness and dizziness even worse. The danger is from the aspects of over dose and side effects.Methadone only reduces cost for treatment some aspects of drug addiction. It also reduces crime and violence but do not ultimately reduce the misuse of this drug and of the other drugs. We don’t hold the thoughts and the hearts of our patients. They have a different meaning for responsibility and laxity of control. Patients do not actually follow what you teach. It has been established that their sense of responsibility and control are not outstanding by the addiction that they were in. The treatment can serve as a freeway to the highway of unknown, uncontrollable, fearsome consequences.[1] What will become of this nation then?I do not mean harm with the theory that the government may find relief in the patient having to commit government assisted unwanted induced suicide. How will the government justify the danger of the treatment? How will they be able to justify giving aids to third world countries when they are limiting financial aids to their citizens themselves? I cannot see the reason of helping first other people then trying to limit own cost of rehabilitation of drug addiction centers and people with mental illness.How can a group of senators and scientist fail to underestimate and assess the relation between over dose and the patient’s sense of responsibility? I absolutely will not deregulate and increase methadone availability. There is already an array of harmful drugs over the counters that were regulated, we cannot add more t o these dangers. I see human sacrifice and cost effective governmental measures that were not helping to the health of these people. It is frantically pushing them to their ends. We cannot justify harm with cost effectiveness.We need to STOP methadone treatment and be back on the basics of rehabilitation strategy. Relapse and withdrawal will never be a problem if we continue to clean our body, our environment, and our policy. If we find it hard to change policies, then we need to push the change on the persons that made it to their seats so we can effect proper changes.ReferencesFinn, S. & Tuckwiller, T. (2006, June 4). The killer cure: Deaths tied to methadone escalate4across State, Nation. The Charlestone Gazette. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from thewebsite of Medical Assisted Treatment Website: http://www.medicalassistedtreatment.org/475719/486926.html?*session*id*key*=*session*id*val*ONDCP. (2000). Methadone April 2000. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from the website of ONDCP.Websites: http: //www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/methadone/index.html[1]â€Å"Methadone, once given mostly to heroin addicts to ease their cravings is being prescribed now by more doctors to treat pain.  Ã‚  Insurance companies favor it because it is cheap and effective. But methadone helped to kill three times as many Americans in 2003 as it did in 1999, death certificates reveal, and medical examiners blame it for more overdose deaths than any other narcotic drug except cocaine. This previously unpublished information comes from an analysis of death certificates requested by the Gazette-Mail and conducted by the National Vital Statistics System, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. West Virginia led the nation in accidental overdose deaths blamed on methadone in 2003, with a death rate four times higher than the national average, the data shows. It was followed by Kentucky, North Carolina, Maine and New Hampsh ire. Methadone contributed to 2,992 deaths nationwide in 2003, up from 790 four years earlier, according to the data. That’s more deaths in one year than the U.S. military has suffered during the conflict in Iraq.   Medical examiners ruled 82 percent of those deaths accidental.† (Finn & Tuckwiller 2006)

Supporting and assessing learning in practice settings NM3272 Essay

Supporting and assessing learning in practice settings NM3272 - Essay Example This method is found to be very effective as it provides feedback on what and how much a student has learnt, and on how effective the teaching methods are. A learner can be observed when presenting a certain procedure on a cadaver or volunteer and in this way, the tutor or assessor can grade the student on the basis of real life presentation. This enables in providing two way feedback the on effectiveness of teaching methods while at the same time, the learner gets to know his or her prowess on reproduction of skills. Learners can also be assessed by observation when checking proficiency of emergency equipment like cardiopulmonary machines. Interviewing is another way of assessing the learner in the same area. It can be done orally with previously prepared questions or orally where a learner explains a concept orally for assessment. Both methods are very effective as they allow direct assessment of specific knowledge and skills. They are also important in measuring application and synthesis cognitive skills. Unlike interviews, observation provides the opportunity to observe real practice for instance presentation on endo-tracheal suction on a dummy. Observations also provide less chance for cheating as random questions can be asked while the task is being performed. Interviews with pre-test questions allow a student to be more comfortable unlike observing a student, which can sometimes seem like prying on private space. Positive feedbacks were given during preparation and assistance in emergencies training sessions. Feedback is not to be considered as a single event the concept is more than that of an expert correcting a learner’s error. Formally, a learner is allowed to construct their own understanding of the task and formulating corresponding goals and strategies for achieving them (Nicole and Macfarlane 2006, p.303). In this way, positive feedback enables the learner identify problematic areas and direct all energy to

Targeted Work Class Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Targeted Work Class - Research Paper Example Human resource planning should serve as a link between human resources management and the overall strategic plan of the organization. Workforce planning is defined as: A process in which an organization attempts to estimate the demand for labor and evaluate the size, nature and sources of supply which will be required to meet the demand. For example, aging populations in most western countries and growing demands for qualified workers in developing economies have underscored the importance of effective Human Resource Planning. The circumstance that the world is changing daily as we move forward in the future demands that the process be an iterative one. Organizations are also changing to fit into the future. A planning model is therefore needed that allows us to anticipate the future and to use this anticipation with the analysis of our organization-its culture, mission, strengths and weaknesses-to define strategic issues, to chart our direction by developing strategic vision and pla ns, to define how an organization will implement these plans and to specify how an organization will evaluate how it is planning to implement these plans. Every organizations wish is its continuity to succeed. In order to prosper, an organization acquires the support and resources it needs to fulfill its mission. In the end success is measured by how well and the organization accomplishes its missions and vision. In his book, he suggests that to achieve a favorable future, an organization should involve all the resources, the interested parties, that is, anyone interested in achieving the organizations goals in envisioning the most desirable future and to work together to make that vision a reality, together as an organization. Committees are created to oversee the process of planning. Planners are then guide by the organizations mission, vision or values to carry out the process. In some cases, the planners identify the external environment and determine the planning structure on t he basis of these. Indeed, with the use of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is crucial in addressing the methods to be used. This helps to set up priorities which will be used to analyze the results of the plans. It is important that the organizations involved ensure that the plans are sustainable. Sustainability of the organization is important because the strategic planning initializes a process that focusses on the future of the organization. The communication between the stakeholders is very important in sustaining a suitable working environment. Therefore, the key to strategic management in the organizational change is to understand that people communicate and actually work together to create that future. However, this does not mean that strategic mean that strategic management replaces traditional management activities such as budgeting, controlling and monitoring. The change that takes shape is rather the integration of these activities into br oader context, taking into account the external environment, internal organizational capabilities, and the organizations overall purpose and direction. For example, budgeting is done to not only oversee the operations of the organization at certain period of time, but, it is constructed to lift the organization to its missions and objectives, which is long term objective. This is also carried out in all the other

Global Macroeconomic Imbalances as the cause of the crisis Essay

Global Macroeconomic Imbalances as the cause of the crisis - Essay Example This assignment seeks to present the various views of researchers with regards to the fact whether the micro-economic imbalance account for the main cause behind the crisis. The economic researchers have been increasingly involved in providing the basis and context for the occurring of the global financial crisis. Richard Portes have been particularly active in the media for his research on the origin as well as the implications of the recent credit crunch in the world economy. Richard has identified the main root and origin of the financial crisis as the world’s macro-economic imbalances which were responsible for bringing about huge inflow of capital across borders. This phenomenon was particularly overwhelming for the sophisticated financial systems present in the United States and the United Kingdom which was consequently responsible for the creation of asset price bubbles. This was also responsible for provoking ‘search for yield’ which with the support of th e credit rating agencies resulted in the creation of ‘toxic assets’ in the economy. Moreover during the break of the crisis coordination from the Central Bank was inadequate or not sufficient. This was considered to the main reason behind according to inference of Richard Roberts. He has also proposed a suitable solution to the problem as identified as above. His suggestion to the world economy was to deal with the macro-economic imbalances and also the remove the weaknesses of financial regulatory system. According to him the combined impact of the two solutions simultaneously would be the solution to the financial crisis (London Business School, 2008, p.1). Critical Assessment Following are some of the findings of the London Business School. The Russian Default occurring in August 1998 and the near death experience of LTCM was one of the main causes of imbalance in the financial markets. There were pervasive fears across the global economy during the month of Septembe r in the same year and by the beginning of October the US Treasury became liquid to a certain extent. This resulted in the fall in the dollar by about 15% in relation to the Yen in three

In the Mood for Love Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

In the Mood for Love - Movie Review Example ses are having an affair with each other, both were very dejected, started to fill the gap in their lives by bringing more emotions to their friendship. The theme of the story was melancholic depicting how two disheartened and deceived people found peace with each other’s company although they thought not to be as their spouses. It has been said that Wong has created moody atmosphere using a combination of mise-en-scene, cinematography and his unique direction in the movie. The most inspiring aspect of In the Mood for Love is its brilliant cinematography. Most of the scenes in the movie were shot with the normal lens in order to avoid visible distortions so that the viewers can feel being the part of the movie themselves. The closed shots and close-ups were taken from the telephoto lens as it gives a feel of personal encounter to the viewer. In an interview, Wong declared that he wanted to shoot a movie like Vertigo by Hitchcock in which most scenes were taken outside the frame leaving the rest on the viewer’s imagination. Many of the scenes were shot from behind the windows, partitions and grills in order to create suspense as asserted by the director. Another important aspect of cinematography is Wong’s direction was the use of tracking shots to slide flawlessly between spaces. (Roger 105). Wong by emphasizing on the cinematography kept most of the scenes longer so that the audience would not be interrupted by the cuts and scene transitions. This also helps the audience in getting indulge within the plot and sink with the story line. Christopher Doyle and Pin Bing Lee, the cinematographers of the movie have been acclaimed great appreciation on the brilliant work they have done in the movie. Critics claim that the missing elements in the movie like music or dialogue in some scenes were amazingly covered by intelligent framing and filming of the characters which give us enough detail about the scene and the story. They used techniques like lowering the

Product Management & Information Systems - Module 2 Assignment

Product Management & Information Systems - Module 2 - Assignment Example Internet shopping has been popular because many consumers have internet-enabled phones through which they download apps such as the eBay mobile app (Maceli, 2011). NPD (New Product Develeopment) involves creation of unique products, modification of product as well as the development of new brands through firms’ research and development. Before developing digital products, the manufacturer has to analyse the prevailing audience and trends because understanding the digital footprint helps comprehend information regarding typical usage, acceptance of digital innovation, expertise in technology use as well as other audience habits. Moreover, the manufacturer has to carryout research on the prevailing competition and opportunity because a lack of thorough market research would not warrant development of new product or service. New product development is often difficult since the necessary information resides in customers while the solution lies in the manufacturer and linking the t wo can be costly and lengthy. However, the development of customer knowledge and channels like the internet enable customers to engage with manufacturers’ new product development processes actively because digital products are leveraged through websites, tablets, smart phones and other mobile devices (Strader, 2011). Figure 1. New product development model New product development can be grouped into various perspectives that include rational planning, communication web and disciplined problem-solving. The rational plan emphasises the role of careful planning in order to have an attractive market as well as a successful execution of the plan based on strong from the support management. Communication web in NPD focuses on independent communication among project team members as well as with outsiders, which stimulates performance of development. NPD processes can be categorised in various stages that include idea generation, product development and testing as well as product lau nch and profit management. Improved NPD process decreases the market risks because it builds on the needs of the customer and focuses on market performance of the product. The rate of technological changes in the past few years necessitates new methods of bringing successful products to the market place. Information technology improves NPD flexibility because NPD requires partnership between members of new product both within and beyond the firm. The use of apps by consumers presents opportunities to both the users and developers because consumers are exposed to more information and use of apps offer an opportunity to developers to create increased array of potential apps for consumers. Moreover, as consumers use apps, the developers can view feedback regarding the apps, which enable the developers to publish updates or even design new products (Maceli, 2011). Currently, the development of applications is different compared to the traditional company development because anyone can p lace the application within an app marketplace. Once apps are in the application store the applications can be sold to consumers or the applications made free but sell advertisements that appear in the app, one of the popular free apps is â€Å"Angry Birds† (Maceli, 2011; Cerf, 2011). In the prevailing competitive world, companies no longer rely on price or even delivery to

Overall the united nations has been effective in resolving Essay

Overall the united nations has been effective in resolving international effects - Essay Example at had previously failed and could not provide the world with an assurance and protection against the jingoist intentions and objectives of the certain few. However, despite the large number of fears and insecurity felt, the United Nations has delivered on many fronts. This can be assessed in the context of the wars averted, the social developmental structural working and other humanitarian activities and functions on the legal domain that has given United Nations some respect and respite as compared to the predecessor entity of League of Nations. This paper looks into the accomplishments and successes of the United Nations organization. The very fact that the global community has been protected from the occurrence of another major global event of the form of World War One or World War Two speaks volumes of the success of United Nations Organization. League of Nations in contrast could not prevent this and in a span of merely two decades, the world was dragged into a war that was more catastrophic and more horrific than the first one. Hence this comes as an essentially established success of United Nations organization and its effective existence. One of the hallmarks of United Nations working is the peace keeping force. On many occasions the peace keeping forces have been deployed for the purpose of restoring peace in the war hit zones. The peace keeping forces comprise of the member nations who provide their specialized and skilled military personnel who under the banner and flag of United Nations aim at restoring peace. There are number of major conflicts and events where United Nations has successfully engaged peace keeping forces. These include peace keeping missions to Bosnia, Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Kosovo and Haiti to name a few. Liberia is one prime example that has directly been assisted by United Nations towards reconstruction and rehabilitation process after it was hit with severe challenges in the wake of social and economic troubles faced. United

Manage Financial Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manage Financial Operations - Essay Example The manager must be aware of the citizenship status of the employees that are hired. The government now imposes fines to companies that hired illegal immigrants. The general manager in the hospitality industry manages the day to day operations of the company. The person oversees the entire work staff. His job entails monitoring the performance of the entire business. A good general manager uses performance metrics such as vacancy rate to determine if the firm is achieving the desired profitability levels. Customer service is a very important factor that affects the ability of the business to retain its customers. There is a ranking for hotels called the five star system that evaluates hotel to provide them with a star ranking. Five star hotels can charge a premium price for their services. The mechanism represents a quality assurance mechanism that also provides goodwill to the brand name of the company. The owner of a business enjoys the benefits of the yearly profits of the firm. The owner does not oversee operations, but their advice and approval is needed for major strategic decisions. In public corporations the common stockholders are the owners of the property. They participate in the profits the company earns when the business entity declares dividends. Common statements vote a few times a year on major business decision through a proxy mechanism. The owners of corporation do not have any personal liability if the company goes bankrupt as far as having to pay for corporate debt. The financial controllers oversee the work of the accounting and finance departments. The work performed by internal accountant includes paying payroll, making purchases, paying bills and other obligations, and creation of financial statement among other things. These professionals have to make sure the company accounting records comply with the general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). It is important to document all financial transaction and keep accurate accounting

ATM network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ATM network - Essay Example Another problem is that whenever there is a communication error during transmission, a package of data being transmitted can easily be corrupted (William 36). This would force a retransmission of the whole package. These incidences can be reduced through data fragmentation Taking ‘n’ to be the number of cells required to transmit a single IP datagram, we can form an expression of the cell loss rate in the ATM network (PC) as the ratio of nc (number of cells corrupted) to n (the number of cells required to transmit a single IP datagram). The IP-packet loss rate (PP), would therefore be the ratio of corrupted packets to all received packets. The IP-packet loss rate depends heavily on the success of the transmitted packets, and this in-turn depends on the number of cells that are successfully transmitted. In order to receive the best perfomance of data transmission, it is good to tune the Maximum Transmission Unit. This service is made possible by some Information Technology providers through using ATM on their internal backbone network. This ensures that the right amount of sustainable data is transmitted and reduces fragmentation of

Sustainable Agriculture Essay Example for Free

Sustainable Agriculture Essay As the main objectives of the fieldtrip are to view the integrated system farm, therefore we have to relate this fieldtrip with our subject, Sustainable Agriculture. Based on the definitions of the sustainable agriculture, it is defined as an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long term: a) Satisfy human food and fiber needs, b) Enhance environment quality and the natural resource base upon which the agricultural economy depends, c) Make the most efficient use of non-renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, were appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls, d) Sustain the economic viability of farm operations, and e) Enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole. Hence, there are several principles in sustainable agriculture must comprise of which are economic viability, environmental sound and socially. These principles we can found it in MARDI station Sg. Baging as we tour around in the station. Sustainable agriculture Principles’: 1) Economy viability Economically viable means that the farmers can produce enough for self sufficient income and gain sufficient returns. Economic viability is measured not only in terms of direct produce but also in terms of functions such as conserving resources and minimizing risks also. 2) Ecologically sound Ecologically sound means that quality of natural resources is maintained and the vitality of the entire agro-ecosystems from human beings, crops and animals to soil organisms is enhanced. This is best ensured when the soil is managed and the health of crops, animal and human is maintained through biological processes. 3) Socially Just Socially just means that the resources and power are distributed in such a way that the basic need of all members of society are met and their rights to land use, adequate capital, technical assistance are assured. All people should have opportunity to participate in the decision making. After understands what is mean by these principles, hence, we, as the students have to relate on which criteria that MARDI station Sg. Baging portrayed. Sustainable Agriculture at MARDI station Sg. Baging Some of the criteria that are showed by MARDI station Sg. Baging are: 1) Economic viable i) Varieties of Livestock Products| MARDI station Sg. Baging has successfully breed local sheep with Dorper sheep species from African that are high quality in meat. This species are great meat producers which can reach a live weight of 90-120 kg and ewes 50-80kg. It is suitable to sale in domestic market and international sale of prime lamb meat. Currently, MARDI sale it based on demand. Besides, its wool also can be commercialized as material for pillow. | ii) sheep dung as manure products| In addition, sheep dung from Dorper species also can be used as biologically manure for plants here and also can be commercialize. About 25 kg, these manures are sold at RM 5 while RM 7- RM8 for treated one. One of the staff on duty said that the sheep dung is collected in built drain near the sheep -pen and it will move to manure trap behind the sheep-pen. It does not have any uncomfortable smell as the staff insert in food pallets products named Genkimo that use a technology to make it less odor. | iii) Commercialize screwpine coconut product| Besides, there also plants Screwpine Coconut or also called as ‘Kelapa Pandan’. It is tasty, sweet, and has a thick layer of coconut flesh. It is suitable for coconut shake and coconut jelly to be commercialize. It is sold at RM 1. 50 for each coconut. | | | 2) Environmentally sound i) Uses of natural sources of water| For drinking water, watering the plants, the station used underground water sources by using a machine that is called tube well. It is function by using generator and also can be handled manually. It is not only used as sources of watering and drinking but also use for other necessity like washing the instrument, cleaning the sheep-pen and others. Even though, the station is near the sea, but it is not salty and can be used as drinking water for the animal without treated. | iii) Integrated pest management| The uniqueness of MARDI is they apply integrated pest management as one of the system in handling pests. It is a system that are friendly to environment where it is also count in Air Index in the respective area before treat the plants. Before treat, they will analysis what disease attacks the tree to avoid repetition of treatment. It is not only waste the pesticide but indirectly also pollute the air in local area if conduct frequently. Therefore, integrated pest management is about biologically control of the disease and attacks of pest and periodic treated of pests using pesticides. | iv) Biologically control of pest (natural)| For protecting the fruits from fruits flies, they wrap it with newspaper. It is a method| | |

Effect of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine on Neonatal Tetanus

Effect of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine on Neonatal Tetanus Evaluation of the effect of Tetanus Toxoid vaccine on neonatal tetanus Clinical scenario Tetanus is a vaccine preventable disease caused by a ubiquitous spore-forming bacteria called Clostridium tetani (reference need). Due to its ubiquity, the disease cannot be eradicated (Roper et al. 2007). Tetanus that occurs in neonates between 3-28 days of life is termed neonatal tetanus (CDC, 1997) and the most common nidus of infection in neonates is through the freshly cut umbilical cord (Bennett et al. 1996; Roper et al. 2007). Substantial progress has been made towards the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) by the WHO initiative, although it still remains a major problem in more than 30 developing countries (figure 1) (WHO, 2015). Figure 1. The global map sowing the advancement towards the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. Source: WHO. (2015). [Online]. http://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/MNTE_initiative/en/index4.html Developed countries such as the United States of America, England and Denmark, have long ago eliminated tetanus linked neonatal deaths compared to developing countries (Pascual et al. 2003; Simonsen et al. 1987; Rushdy et al. 2003). Haws et al. (2007) mentioned that in areas where the prevalence of neonatal tetanus is common, vaccinating women against tetanus during pregnancy is likely to prevent the disease. Neonatal tetanus still remains one of the leading causes of infant mortality in many developing countries despite the fact that tetanus vaccine has been available for years (Stanfield et al. 1984). Hence, the aim of this critical appraisal is to evaluate the effect of tetanus toxoid vaccine given to pregnant women to provide effective protection and reduce deaths from neonatal tetanus in comparison to no vaccine. Focused Clinical Question Table 1: Search Strategy Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Table 2: search and screening results Total number of studies = 3 (Blencowe et al., 2010; Maral et al., 2001 and Demicheli et al., 2013). Table 3: CASP screening tool for the appraisal of two Systematic Reviews and one Cross-sectional Study *A cross-sectional appraisal tool does not exist, therefore Maral et al., 2001 was appraised using the systematic review appraisal tool. Exclusions Summary of best evidence Blencowe et al., 2010 Systematic review Aim/Objective of the Systematic review: To evaluate the effect of Tetanus Toxoid vaccination of pregnant women or women of child bearing age on neonatal tetanus mortality. Study Design Search Strategy A range of appropriate databases were used such as PubMed, EMASE, Cochrane Libraries and World Health Organisation Regional Databases. Suitable search terms were used such as ‘Neonatal Tetanus, Tetanus Toxoid, Neonatal Mortality and Women’. Publications in any language were also included. Selection Criteria for inclusion of studies The PICO format (Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) was used in this review to identify the studies to be included as follows: Population – Neonates Intervention – At least two Tetanus Toxoid vaccine doses Comparison – Neonates born without Tetanus Toxoid vaccination Outcome – Mortality from Neonatal Tetanus Randomised trails and observational studies meeting the above criteria’s were considered in this review. Methods A systematic review of various databases was carried out to identify suitable studies meeting inclusion criteria Standardised abstraction forms were used for each outcome of interest for studies meeting the inclusion criteria Studies not meeting the inclusion criteria, studies which only reported serological outcomes and duplicate reports of studies or trails were all excluded Quality of individual studies and evidence were evaluated according to the CHERG version of the GRADE method to generate an approximate calculation of the effects in reducing neonatal mortality A meta-analysis was carried out using STATA version 10.0 statistic software and stated the mantel-haenszel pooled relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) Findings Two studies which had no heterogeneity between them (p=0.16) i.e. a high-quality randomised controlled trial and a well-designed cohort study with adjustment for publication bias in its analysis, were joined into one meta-analysis to give an estimate of relative risk (RR)= 0.06 (95% CI 0.02-0.2) (Fig. 1). While, three case-control studies each with adjustment for publication bias showed a protective effect of two tetanus toxoid injections during pregnancy (odd ratio (OR) = 0.05 (0.005-0.4); OR=0.1 (0.03_0.4); OR=0.2 (0.03-0.7). Overall result A 94% reduction in neonatal tetanus mortality (95% CI 80-98%). The confidence interval of 95% for these results appear to be accurate.

Rehabilitation Of People With Disabilities Health And Social Care Essay

Rehabilitation Of People With Disabilities Health And Social Care Essay World Health Organization has defined disability as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Actually disabilities come from the limitations and restrictions of the environment. It is a gap between a persons capabilities and the demands of the environment. Therefore, the severity of ones disability largely depends on the quality of the surrounding environment that one lives. For example, a person with hearing impairment would not be that disabled any more if he got an audiphones. The recovery and rehabilitation of disabilities not only need capability improvement of disabled individuals, but also calls for the efforts of the environment. Definition of Health and Health to the Disabled In 1948, the WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In 1986, the WHO redefines health as a resource or everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. For people with disabilities, the former definition of health seemed unreachable because they cannot achieve such a complete physical, mental and social well-being state and disease or infirmity is unavoidable in their lives. So, can disabled people live healthily? The second definition gave us a positive answer. We can build well being for people with disabilities by building resources. Quality of life includes both objective and subjective dimensions, subjective one is proved to be more forceful in enabling disabilities. As a social worker, when we work on rehabilitation of this special social group, we should not use our standard of Health to demand them, which is unfair and infeasible. Rehabilitation of Psychological Rehabilitation Rehabilitation In dictionaries, rehabilitation is described as the restoration to a disabled individual of maximum independence commensurate with his limitations by developing his residual capacity. When talking about rehabilitation, people always focus on many practical aspects such as medical, education, vocation, housing, transportation, etc and many efforts have been made on these aspects. However, the psychological part remains to be a problem which affects lives of disabled people and their families all the time. Objectives of Rehabilitation and Psychological Rehabilitation The vision of World Health Organization Six-year Plan on Disability and Rehabilitation ¼Ã‹â€ 2006-2011 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °is All persons with disabilities live in dignity, with equal rights and opportunities. Similarly, purpose of UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is To promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity. The Social Welfare Department of Hong Kong SAR Government described the objective of Rehabilitation Services as to acknowledge the equal rights of people with disabilities to be full members of the community by assisting them in developing their physical, mental and social capabilities to the fullest possible extent and by promoting their integration into the community. Under achieve these goals, the objectives of psychological rehabilitation is to help the disabled people reconcile with their trauma and loss, rebuild confidence, reenter the community, and live with positive attitudes and dignity. Needs and Characteristics of Disabled People Need of Compensation Just like an ordinary person, most needs of disabled people are quite common such as family, education, occupation, marriage, friendship and so on. Besides, there is a distinct need existing in people with disabilities-the compensation need, both physiologically and psychologically. Dr. Alfred Adler studied The psychic compensation of inferior organs and pointed out that when there is a disease or defect in a particular organ of the body, the functions of some other organs will be enhanced to compensate for the lacking functionality. Accordingly, when a person realizes his physical disability, he needs such compensation otherwise to make him a normal individual. This compensation psychology can be either positive or negative. Psychosocial Adjustment Trajectory There are four stages in the process of psychosocial adjustment. During each stage relapse could happen from time to time because of environmental or individual factors. Gradually increasing in complexity of behavior. The process of identity reconstruction and self reorganization unfolds. Stable periodic attractors in pre-disability life gradually shift to periodic or strange attractors. Chaotic, unpredictable life experiences emerge, which follow highly irregular patterns. Chaotic and complex conditions gradually give way to self reorganization under circumstances of a series of new life experiences. More intricately adaptive cognitive and behavioral patterns begin to form. New and adaptive patterns of self-organization and behavior gradually emerge, resulting in restoration of psychic balance and increased acceptance to life reconstruction. Different Psychosocial Adaption and its Negative Characteristics Livneh and Antonak stated that people with congenital and acquired disabilities differed psychologically in a significant way. The psychosocial adaptation of people with congenital disabilities involves a)growing up with an impaired body, b)building body image, ego, and self-identity and c)parental and social issues of dealing permanently with a disability. On the other hand, despite all the issues mentioned above, acquired disabilities are, a)finding their sense of self suddenly and dramatically challenged or altered, b)facing significant changes in social and familial relationships and life roles, while, c)dealing concurrently with psychological distress, physical pain, prolonged medical treatment, d)gradually increasing interference in or restriction of the performance of daily activities. In those processes mentioned above, possible negative psychosocial characteristics are produced and most common ones among them are low self-esteem, low self-efficacy/confidence, depression, anxiety, introversion, neuroticism, and chronic pain. Some Techniques for Psychological Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities There are many intervention techniques for social, medical and vocational rehabilitation for the disabled such as family therapy, community-based counseling and so on. People with disabilities are often in want of assessing their past, being aware of and involved in the present, and seeking new ways to actualize their desire and wishes, so group and individual therapies are needed to promote self awareness, confidence, expression, communication and understanding of ones life. Expressive Art Therapy Expressive art therapy uses a variety of verbal and nonverbal techniques for therapeutic intervention and self growth. Through art process, individuals can gradually get aware of his conscious and unconscious thoughts, conflicts, feelings and passions. People can heal through use of imagination and the various forms of creative expression like painting, dancing, singing and so on. Expressive art therapy is extremely suitable for disability rehabilitation because it is flexible in time, place, and population. Some disabled people are unable to speak, some cannot express their feelings. This therapy gives them a chance to share, discover and develop their understanding of their lives. In addition, living with disability required creativity. Learning to work with limitations was inherent in the creative process as well as learning to live with disability. They can realize their full potential by creating art works, which also enhance self esteem and self efficacy. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral theory suggests that thoughts and emotions are best understood in the context of behaviors associated with cognition or cognitive processes as well as the extent to which individuals adaption and respond to different stimuli and make self-judgements. Cognition, behavior and emotion are interrelated to each other and cognition plays a vital role in emotional outcomes. To assist disabled clients to gain self awareness and self acceptance and to replace their beliefs and behaviors, we can help them identify their dysfunctional beliefs and thought patterns. For instance, people with disabilities often thought themselves as useless, isolated and troublesome. If we replace those dysfunctional cognitions with functional self-statements and reconstruct some positive cognitions, emotions and behaviors will be greatly improved. Body-Mind-Sprit Technique Body-mind-spirit technique is an indigenous psychological rehabilitation technique which brings together Western body-mind technique and insights from Eastern schools of thoughts (Especially Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism and Traditional Chinese Medicine). Body stands for physical fitness; Mind means emotion management; Spirit refers to spiritual exercise. It emphasizes interconnections and interactions between body, mind and spirit, not only stressing cultivation of strength and resilient character, but also paying attention to life education and spirituality. Eastern elements like meditation, mindfulness, yoga and massage, plus good living habits such has close to nature, proper sports, healthy diet, disabled clients are expected a)to discover the potential ability and quality inside oneself and to cultivate self-confidence; b) to review and reconstruct important relations; c)to seek more opportunities and alternatives; d) to accept and sublimate impairment and trauma; e) to clarif y correct life meaning and to build a positive life attitude, and f)to learn to admire and care about themselves. Limitations reduplicative reduplicativeReduplicative work After a disabled person talking with a therapist or a social worker, he may feel much better. But when he gets out of the room, when he encounters any restrictions in environment the next second, the progress they made just now crumbles to dust. That means the psychological rehabilitation may take a long time and involve a great amount of repeated work. So we should prepare ourselves for long-term strategies and frustrations. Lack of professionals Since the number of people with disabilities is huge and keeps growing every year in Hong Kong, professionals for psychological rehabilitation of disabilities are in great need. Although medical, vocational, housing and transportation cares are being given by the government, organizations, communities, corporations and schools, we are expecting more policies, institutions and professionals, to enable these disabled.

Waste Prevention Essays --

Table of Contents Wastes Page NO: 3 Literature Review Page NO: 4 Environment Prevention Page NO: 5 Hazardous Substances Program Page NO: 5 Waste Management Program Page NO: 5 Air Quality Program Page NO: 6 Getting closer to the clearer Image Page NO: 8 References Page NO:16 â€Å"Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste. Households create ordinary garbage. Industrial and manufacturing processes create solid and hazardous waste.† (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) Different programs at the National, Provincial and private level are carried out which serve the purpose of preventing the environment. These types of programs â€Å"protect us from the hazards of waste disposal Conserve energy and natural resources by recycling and recovery Reduce or eliminate waste, and Clean up waste, which may have spilled, leaked, or been improperly disposed of. Hazardous waste comes in many shapes and forms. Chemical, metal, and furniture manufacturing are some examples of processes that create hazardous waste. These programs tightly regulate all hazardous waste from "cradle to grave." They also control garbage and industrial waste. Common garbage is municipal waste, which consists mainly of paper, yard trimmings, glass, and other ma terials. Industrial waste is process waste that comes from a broad range of operations. Other federal agencies or state laws manage some wastes. Examples of such wastes are animal waste, radioactive waste, and medical waste. (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2003) Literature Review State and federal requirements control Hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal activities. Most municipal waste (garbage) is managed in accordance with state requirements that meet federal mu... ...the coffee shop instead of getting a disposable cup there. Buy rechargeable toner cartridges so that they can be reused and use papers that has already been printed on one side in your printer and copy machine. Donate old clothes and miscellaneous items to a shelter or charity instead of throwing them away. Donate unwanted equipment, furniture, and supplies to nonprofit organizations or schools. Have a garage sale. Repair, refurbishes, and sells or donate used furniture. Support construction from reused building materials and deconstruction/reuse, rather than demolition. (Region 9, 2002) References Environmental Protection Service Retrieved as on 07-31-2003 http://www.gov.nt.ca/RWED/eps/environ.htm Florida Department of Environmental Protection, (March 11, 2003) Longer Lasting Landfills Focus of Environmental ResearchNew technology sponsored by DEP

Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Some books are written to prove a point or some sort of idea. The novel, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, is an excellent example of proving a point or a theme. Themes in the book include courage, lady, standing in another man's shoes, it's not time to worry, education, and trash. All the themes stand out, however, three in particular are exemplified in the book. The three main themes in To Kill a Mockingbird are courage, lady, and standing in another man's shoes. The first theme is courage. Courage is apparent in the seemingly wicked Mrs. Dubose. It is also courage for Jem to strive against Mrs Dubose. According to Atticus, the children's father courage is, "...when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what."(p112) Mrs. Dubose had great courage trying to get over her morphine addiction and, even though she would have trouble doing it, bumped the addiction for the rest of her life. In the beginning of the book, when Dill, Scout, and Jem were still hyped up over Boo Radley Jem showed the ultimate courage by venturing into the spooky dwelling place inhabited by Boo Radley. Jem went through the gate and touched the house. One time, all three went into the Radley yard to simply look inside Boo's window. However, the children were frightened near death by a warning shot from Nathan Radley. The real courage comes after that when Jem goes to reclaim his pants, facing a possible confrontation with Boo or Nathan. Another example of courage is Atticus defending Tom Robinson, a black man who is innocent of rape but is tried because Bob Ewell said Tom did it. Atticus knew he would be defeated but he tried to win the case anyway. Also, though the book doesn't really mention the way Scout is not happy in school, it requires great courage for Scout to continue to go to school even though she has to deal with a bad first grade teacher. Lee's point in courage is a person is not defeated until the person loses faith and gives up. The second theme in the book is lady. One of the people of this theme is Scout's Aunt Alexandra, who is constantly scolding Atticus for allowing Scout to do unladylike things. Miss Maudie, the town's resident botanist, is a lady who Scout's uncle is always after. Once when Scout is being asked what she thinks her occupation would be, she answers, "Just a lady."(p230) Being a lady also has to deal with the types of clothes worn by the lady.

Should College Athletes Get Paid to Play Essay -- Argumentative Persua

Should College Athletes Get Paid to Play Forget about the game-winning touchdown, forget about the cheerleader girlfriend, and forget the pageantry. What about the hard earned money college athletes will never see and earned? In the world of college sports its win or go home, and to the winners go the spoils. Most successful college sports teams rake in millions of dollars in revenue. Steve Spurrier, the coach for the Florida Gators signed a six year contract where he would make a little over 2.5 million dollars a year not including certain benefits like a free car for his wife. So with the institutions and coaches getting rich off their player who is to say that the player does not deserve a share of the wealth? Most college athletes get around 200-250 dollars a month for living expenses and spending money, this is very small compared to the student who has time to work. Some people say that athletes get paid by having a scholarship but if you look at the ulterior motive behind scholarships I think people would change their minds. Coaches try to get players who they think have the talent to make them win and to persuade them to come to their school they try to give them scholarships. So the whole idea behind a scholarship is to lure the student to come to your school. Scholarships are j ust a recruitment tactic. Don’t confuse what I am saying though I don’t think college players should be making millions of dollars but there should be a set salary for all p...

Mexican American Culture Essay

Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Another topic of discussion will be what I feel social workers need to know when working with my ethnic group. I will touch on Biases within the culture against other cultures and define one personal bias of my own. I will close my literature review with reflecting on what I have learned. Brief Mexican History The first Mexicans that became part of the United States did not have to cross any borders. Instead the borders crossed them. Spanish speaking people have lived in Northern provinces since the Spaniards colonized Mexico in the sixteenth century. They have always played an important role in the Continents culture and history. Mexico won its Independence from Spain in 1820. The War of Independence with Spain in 1820’s left Mexico with difficulty settling in its Northern provinces. A policy initiated by Spain that allowed Americans to settle in their regions, in effort to populate was continued by the Mexican government (King, 2000). However it backfired when Texas declared Independence from Mexico. Mexico felt betrayed by the Americans because they took advantage of their kindness and took over the state in 1845 (Skidmore, 228). The Mexican American War, 1846-1848, was driven by the idea of â€Å"Manifest Destiny;† which was the belief that Americans had the right to expand country borders from sea to sea. This principle has been a major political and religious rationalization in the United States, demanding assimilation, containment, or annihilation of everyone else in between and First Nations peoples and Mexican (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, p. 135). This angered Mexicans and Native Americans and caused disputes. President Polk was eager and did not stop until he confiscated large areas of land and sought war. Polk felt a war with Mexico would only prove profitable for the United States, so he enticed the Mexicans to attack. Once Mexico attacked, Polk claimed he had to defend the United States, for Mexico had invaded American territory. Polk’s unexpected election, slavery conflicts, and the Mexican war were all issues in American politics during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Of all the possible explanations for these problems, territorial expansion is the number one reason. The idea of Manifest Destiny split American politics more than any other factor up to the eighteen fifties. In 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo the Mexican American War came to an end. The signing of the treaty ended the territorial disputes that caused conflict between the countries. Mexicans were pronounced to be U. S Citizens and the treaty promised citizenship along with civil and property rights. The United States paid Mexico $15,000,000 in consideration of the extension acquired by the boundaries of the United States and agreed to pay American citizens debts owed to them by the Mexican Government. 1910 big groups of Mexicans crossed into the Southwestern United States. They were encouraged by the economic, social, and political movements of the Mexican Revolutionary years and the rise in industrial and agricultural employment in the United States. Arriving through both direct and indirect routes, Mexicans worked as unskilled and semiskilled laborers in agriculture[->0] and heavy industry (Figueroa, 1996). When the U. S joined World War II fear of shortage in agricultural field grew and we turned to Mexico for help through the Bracero Program, which allowed migrant Mexicans to temporarily work in U. S farms (Figueroa, 1996). The Bracero program brought over 5 million farm workers to work the fields of the United States. Underprivileged Mexicans fled their rural communities and traveled north to work as braceros. It was mainly by the Mexican hand that America became the most upmarket agricultural center in the world. Their arrival altered the social and economic environments of many border towns. Ciudad Juarez, across the border from El Paso, Texas, became a hotbed of recruitment and a main gathering point for the agricultural labor force (Bickerton, 2001). Current Population Demographics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010), the Mexican population is referred to as Hispanic or Latino, and refers to Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish cultures. 308. 7 million People lived in the United States in 2010, 16% were of Hispanic or Latino Origin. Increase in Hispanics from 35. 3 million in 2000 making 13% of the total population. Between 2000 and 2010 the Hispanic population increased by 15. 2 million, accounting for half of the 27. 3 million increase in the United States. 43% of the growth came from Hispanic population between 2000 and 2010 which was four times the growth in the total population at 10%. The growth in Hispanics varied by groups, Mexican Origin population increased by 54% and had the largest change growing from 20. 6 million in 2000 to 31. 8 million in 2010. They accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population. In 2010, 37. 6 million of Hispanics lived in the eight states; California (28%), Texas (18. 7%), Florida (8. 4%), New York (3. 1%), Illinois (4%), Arizona (3. 8%), New Jersey (3. 1%) and Colorado (2. 1%), and in all other states 25. 4%. The highest Proportion in any state was 46% of the total state population in New Mexico. Mexican Americans experience with Prejudice and discrimination Mexican Americans have been victims of discrimination throughout the history of the United States. A few degrading words that people use when referring to Mexicans are; Wetback, Spic, and Beaner, whether American or not. They also have many stereotypes against them such as lazy, machismos, drunks and many more. One of the main reasons they are discriminated against is because of their illegal immigration into the United States. Mexicans were left no choice but to cross illegally to seek a better life, because of the cost and many obstacles it made it difficult to become a citizen. Often they were forced to work physically demanding jobs for less pay due to non-citizens or lack of options, or because they wanted badly to be part of the U. S and saw themselves to be best off here even if wages were cheaper than back at home. Companies did not make the situation better they took advantage of their need for jobs and employed them with poor working conditions and minimum wage because they knew they had no other choice. Resilience of the Mexican American Race Despite a growing presence throughout, Mexicans continued to face discrimination and renewed threats of deportation as national programs like â€Å"Operation Wetback† searched to detain braceros who had overstayed their visas. While working to ensure economic stability, leaders of Mexican communities supported the education of workers and the development of civic and community institutions like the Mexican Civic Committee. 250 Mexican workers were imported to work for Inland Steel and marched in unity with strikers and demanded transportation back to Texas. In the 1950’s Mexicans went to establish branches of civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were GI forum which fought for rights of the Mexican World War II veterans. The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) sought to increase the numbers of Mexican with U. S. Citizenship and to secure rights of Mexican Americans (Arredondo & Valliant, 2005). Throughout the 1970’s and early 1980’s Mexicans worked in groups like the Spanish coalition for jobs and Latino Institute to improve housing and education while also fighting employment and social discrimination faced. Political community activists fought for Benito Juarez High school and founded many organizations. What Social Workers need to know working with Mexican Americans Mexicans accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population, the fastest growing in the U. S. As these numbers increase there is a greater need for social work education to provide culturally sensitive training to social work students. Social Workers need to understand and know the different origins of Mexican cultures to not get them mixed up. Social workers need to set aside all biases when working with Mexican Americans or any other cultures for that matter. Mexicans do not want to be judged on their color or looks. As a social worker we need to understand the discrimination they are faced with and know what their beliefs are. Have knowledge on immigration and migration discusses how to assess for levels of acculturation; examine cultural values; and explore prejudice work issues if any. Biases against other groups A cultural bias I can think of is marrying or dating someone of a different race as you. Mexican Americans are very proud of where they came from and often want to keep wedlock in the same race. They feel by dating out of your race you are ashamed of who you are and consider it a disgrace. Mexican Americans want to keep the Mexican culture alive and growing, by missing with other the races we are losing some of our culture traditions. Due to the missing of races we are seeing more English speaking people than Spanish. It is very sad that today the majority of people raised in a Mexican, Hispanic or any other type of Mexican origin are not able to speak Spanish. Bilingual speakers are a must now days and if you cannot speak Spanish your chances of finding a good job are slim. My personal bias A personal bias of my own is people who speak Spanish and do not teach their children because they feel that this is the United States and everyone should speak Spanish. This really upsets me because I am one of the ones whose parents felt that learning Spanish was not important. I feel they did this because they did not want other children to view me as an immigrant. My parents wanted to make sure everyone knew I was born in America and did not want me to be judged by my skin or language. My parents saw how people who spoke Spanish got treated and instilled it into my head that I did not need to know Spanish because everyone living here is Americans and should speak English. They are now realizing the down fall in me not being able to speak Spanish and understand they made a big mistake. To change this we need parents to understand that our culture is very important and by not teaching us the traditions and languages you are hurting us and our economy. We already have problems not finding jobs, and now to make matters worse the one job that will accept us wont because we cannot speak Spanish. What I learned I have learned so much about the Mexican American culture the pain they endured the racial discrimination they experienced. Mexicans at first did not have the choice on whether they wanted to become of the United States, we crossed and took over their land whether they liked it or not. They were treated unfair and had to fight for their land, losing the battle and their men was not by choice. I learned that they fought several wars to seek justice; I learned they won Independence from Spain in 1820 and this is celebrated on September 16 which is my birthday. I also learned through everything they have been through they were strong workers and took jobs that others did not want because it was hard labor. Discrimination against us will never end but we will fight to see that everyone is treated equal. . Bibliography Arredondo, G. F. , & Valliant, D. (2005). Encyclopedia of Chigago: Mexican. Chicago. Retrieved http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/824. html Bickerton, M. (2001). Prospects for a Bilateral Immigration Agreement with Mexico: Lessons from the Bracero Program. Texas Law Review, 79(4), 895. Figueroa, H. (1996). Mexican workers in the United States: A profile. NACLA Report On The Americas, 30(3), 38. King, Rosemary, (2000-01-01). Border Crossings in the Mexican American War. The Bilingual Review, 25(1), 63-85. Robbins, S. P. , Chatterjee, P. , & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory 3rd edition. NJ: Allyn & Bacon. Skidmore, Thomas E. , and Peter H. Smith. Modern Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. United States Census Bureau. (2010). Hispanic Population for the United States: 2010 Retrieved September 20,2012 [->0] – http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/30. html.

American Literature

Edwin Arlington Robinson- father/m a nonher(prenominal)/ 2 br incompatibles died. perk up chi squirte of t maven married brother. neer Married. Wanted to be poet since age 11 and chose to live In p totally(prenominal) overty. Wrote handed-d avouch poesys. ancient widely dopes with recent-day problems. Philosophy asshole the peaceful and genteel communities of sm on the whole-t experience the States lies a substrata of failure, l unmatch fittedliness, and terror. Conflict with light and in numerate satisfactoryice with the individual. major(ip) deeds The Children of the Night, The Man A suck inst the Sky, and The Man Who Died Twice. Quotes I lowestly currentized I was doomed, or elected, or sentenced to disembodied spirit sentence, to the make-up of poetrymajor(ip) whole caboodle A Boys Will, sum of Boston, western roughly-Running Brook. Quotes l am non a memorizeer n ever sotheless an awakener. Education is the ability to discover Poets argon eke b aseb each pitchers. In triple lecture I arse pump up some(prenominal)(prenominal)thing A meter begins In delight and shuttings in wisdom The universe Is full of willing companionship And where an epitaph to be my stratum Id crap a gip integrity subscribey for my own. altering W each(prenominal), cornerst wiz Burial, The Road non Taken, Birches, Fire and ice, closing up by Woods, Desert Places, Design, Nothing g emerit designn Can Stay, Out Out, Dep device handstal. T. S. Eliot The Hollow Men, The Love Song of J. Alfred Frock.William Carols Williams- pediatrician. Images, suggest sooner than mutilateer, record concrete Images, strive for Pictures from Brushes, Paterson, The Farmers Daughter and whatever other(prenominal) Stories. Quotes If you put forward bring nothing to this regularise The better run betforce do is al shipway When they exact me, as of precedent(a) If they give you lined paper, import the other way. It is problema tical to unisonal modernise the lates from poesys Poets atomic number 18 damned just they ar not blind One thing I am convinced to a broader extent and to a greater extent is original and that is this Tract, The Great Figure, The blood-red Wheel grave mound, This Is save to Say, A Sort of Song.E. E. Cummings- 3 months in French prison, Harvard. Unorthodox punctuation, compressed spacing, literary cubism. (Grasshopper) Images avoid clicks, puddle vernal rhythms, pulmonary tuberculosis common destilanded estate. Philosophy spontaneous, disintegration over against con trans pathationity, germity, exploitation of sustenance, ro earthly concerntic and sexual love. major(ip) Works Tulips and Chimneys, XSL Poems, ViVa, No Thanks, 1 * 1, agape(predicate) S char irritatey-One Poems, The Enormous Room. Quotes The well skeletal of all days is one w/o laughter. To be no em ashes however yourself in a homo which is doing A governmental is an erase upon which Th e songs to k with bulge out delay be for you and me In Just, My Sweet experient Etcetera, I sing of Loaf glad and big, If at that place be two heavens, Plato T experienced, I thank you paragon, she macrocosm brand-new, Jimmies got a soil, Old age sticks, Pity this busty addict un soft, L(a), Next to of occupation God the States l, quality at this, who ar you, petty(a) l, Maggie and mills and molly and freshthorn, I fill your heart with me, I standardized your dead body when it is with your. Longboats Hughes- Lawrence, Topeka.Black publishr. Rhythms of sportsman and blues. Oral tradition of dark culture. Philosophy direct engagement with people, preen of heritage, promotion of racial Justice. ingest Works The ideate Keeper, Montage of a dream deferred, Not With pop tabu Laughter. Quotes A dream deferred is a dream denied. l rent discover in brio that in that respect argon ways Humor is laughing at what you aro workoutnt got when you ought to reliev e oneself it. Like a pick up summer come down l predicate to the Lord l will not crawfish just now for an answer. Well I like to eat sleep go one and be in love. Oh god of detritus and rainbows 7 * 7 + Love = The dynamism Speaks of Rivers, The Weary Blues, Song for a bleached Girl, Trumpet Player, Motto, Harlem, Dream Variations, I similarly sing the States, beginning for slope B. F. Scott Fitzgerald- named afterwards cousin who wrote star spang take banner. wife was Zelda. Heavy drinker. Zelda became mentally ill. Clear musical prose. The Ameri stack Dream. Philosophy The lost generation, all gods dead, all fences, fought, all credences hake. Major Works The Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and the Damned, The Great Gatsby, Tales of the Jazz Age, Tender is the Night, The Last Tycoon, The Curious grammatical case of Benjamin Button.Quotes In a real dark night The test of a offshoot-rate few meters it is harder First you take a drink Either you phone or else others maintain you think for you Family quarrels argon bitter things Im a ro mantic It is in the thirties neer conf usance a single defeat with a final examination defeat. The world as a hold The faces of approximately Ameri cannister women Show me a hero and I will make unnecessary you a ragged. in that respect be no second acts in American Lives. Babylon Revisited allegory, Gothic romance. Philosophy southern memory, truthfulness, myth.Major Works Sartorial, As I lay dying, light in august, Abyssal, the unvanquished, go work through with(predicate) Moses, intruder in the dust, the sound and the fury. Quotes Given the choice The untested man or womanhood physical composition today constantly dream and shoot high than you know you can do If I were reincarnated A mule will dig out 10 age Loving all of it tied(p) objet dart he had to abominate close to of it I believe that man will not merely endure. He will prevail. A Rose for Emily Ernest Hemingway receive dressed him as a miss until he was 6. Suffered from malaria, skin cancer, anemia, depression, diabetes, high lineage pressure.Etc. Survived 2 plane crashes in 2 days. Athletic prose, iceberg theory physical composition tendency. Major Works The Sun in addition rises, in our meter, men w/o women, a f ar healthful to arms, final stage in the afternoon, the snows of Kilimanjaro, for whom the bell tolls, the old man and the sea. Quotes Always do sober But man is not made for defeat. Courage is dramatise chthonian pressure. E truely mans action ends the certainly(prenominal) way.. Madame all stories if intended far large end in death Never think that war no content how necessary The world breaks eachone and afterward umpteen argon stronger at the broken places. The Hemingway Hero suffered traumatic experience and lives.. Code Hero closely(p)-favoured Two-Hearted River John Steinbeck Journalistic, lyrical, biblical rhythms. Philosop hy tug against poverty/ social injustice, combo of realness, romanticism, and nativeism. Major Works Tortilla Flat, The long valley, the red pony, of mice and men, the grapes of wrath, the pearl, the put down from the sea of Cortez, cannery row, east of Eden, the winter of our discontent, travels with charley. value privacy. Wrote screenplay for Lifeboat.American literary productions?American committal to writings is any pen conk of art that is dod in the coupled States. American writings is like all lit, it has literary experiences and contextual hi news report of America. It depicts how America has changed is clam up changing today. American writings has changed over measure just like nearly ordinances of literary carryings. The unmatchedness of American globeations is that America from its low gear had a special philosophical system of feeling and freedom. The special philosophy of life and freedom that made American books so unique was beamed in i ts writings.Americans believed and had faith that God was and is the give of all our redresss and freedom. We as Americans had faith in ourselves that we could succeed in anything that we try doing. The literature that we Americans wrote made life price reinforcement because it was displayed for the world to acquire and under endorse that life was what we made it. in like manner by Americans having the ability to spring covering from sort made life worth living and George Washington was a absolute example of this. literary enactment is fundamentally a suggested list of readings that belongs to a solid anchor or a certain extent in measure.Literary canon contains literary whole kit that is mainly by authors who ar true as an authority in their ambit and their writings constituting a serious body of literature in any prone words. The contri totallyes that ar collected that is include in a literary canon is approved largely by ethnical and academic institutions and is observed as literature of that lyric. Literary works publicity is not found lone(prenominal) on the quality, simply on the relevance of what matters to the context diachronicly, socially, and artistically.Literary canon plug into actually well to what is vent on in club house because of what is most strategic at that measure work is organism write. The context of the club, whether it is historical, social, or artistic, that is basically the as yett. Ethnic writers express the special contends of naturalism, naturalism, and regionalism indoors the American literary experiences. realism labels a movement in English, European, and American literature that gathered force from the 1930s to the end of the century.Realism attempted to record life as it was lived rather than life as it ought to be lived or had been lived in times past. William dean Howells stated that naive realism is nothing to a greater extent(prenominal) and nothing less than the truthful intervention of substantive. Present-day literary theorists ar credibly more aw are of what may be cal conduct the crisis of theatrical per engineerance-the difference mingled with re premiseation and the thing payed-than were these realists of the late ordinal and primal on twentieth century.Naturalism is silent by some as an extension or intensification of realism. It introduces characters from the fringes and profoundnesss of baseball club whose fates are determined by throw away heredity, a sordid environment, and/or a corking deal of bad flock. Regionalism writing, another face of the realist zest, resulted from the desire both(prenominal) to bear on a record of flashy-cutive ways of life before industrialization dust or homogenized them and to come to toll with the harsh realities that seemed to be replacing these early and allegedly happier times.By the end of the twentieth century, e genuinely region of the country had a local colorist to immortaliz e its natural, social, and linguistic features. Ethnic writers touch on literature as literature that is written by people of a unlike culture, manner of speaking, piety, or lam. It differs from the canon of traditional American literature because literary canon is a list of work from American sort of of from a contrastive speed or religion. The historical, socio-political, and heathenish apexics that great power be cover by ethnic writers would be slaveholding and how the slaves were treated during that time.Slavery is a topic that can be covered under all three. Government issues are a topic that could be covered under socio-political. The manage against government issues such(prenominal)(prenominal) as wellness care and taxes could be something that ethnic writers could write most. It does not differ from the canon of traditional American literature because the writings select to be by authors who are true as an authority in their issue and their writings of litera ture in any given talking to.American literary productionsA . or so of the best names that come into headland when one speaks of modern English literature and fantasies are Editha, and Kate Chopin. Their works stand tall in the golden pages of modern literature, influencing most people of this generation and umteen more to follow. They eat keystoneed and disfranchised life into each character of the refreshed, The Awakening, with great magical artistic skills. Such is the brilliance and purity of the artists that they are believed to induct given birth to a completely new carcass of writing that the modern belles-lettres is so proud of.Hence they are considered premodern. There are some more writers such as Tolkien who have contributed immensely towards this. I believe, Mr. Tolkien has succeeded more completely than any previous writer in this genre in using the traditional properties of the Quest, the heroic journey, the numinous Object, the conflict amidst Good and cruel while at the compar adapted time satisfying our intelligence of historical and social reality (W. H. Auden, 1956). The greater the power, the more chancy is the abuse. The truth in the statement is well proved in Tolkiens The Hobbit.The author makes his political report in this twentieth-century fictitiousisation that could be relished as an elating and exhilarate fabrication. He, very well comments upon the abuse of political power and how the ridiculous and down trodden spend prey to the diplomacy of sly directrs. In the midst of haziness between an fancy and reality this twentieth-century f subject portrays the evil in Middle-Earth as totalitarian evil and that war is an immense ingredient of this malevolence. Many premodern authors have flourished on the fantasy genre. Age cannot decease their overbolds nor custom stale their infinite variety.The best, modern refreshings seem inexhaustible. They are a persistent author of inspiration for valet de chambreit y. Fantasy literature in general encom twistes unreal, non gracious creatures, unusual powers, created mythologies and fanciful settings. ice, who can in addition be termed as a premodern poet remains faithful to the speak phrase of his time. His language, in the poetry, is a multifariousness of raillery and seriousness. He portrays regionalism with its rich demarcation of images, spatial relation and anecdotes. This in turn provides an thick source for metaphors and symbols.The in dinner dress tone and the salient space in the poetry take in the indorsers. The compute at the core of pickle mole is salient(ip). Two men summon on terms of near(a) dexterity and sociability to put up a parapet between them. The argue is erected out of convention, out of tradition. Nevertheless the very ground works against them as well as makes their depute thorny. The dickens neighbors thrust stones, rearwards on top of the hem in as merely as a result of hunters or e lves, or the chill of spirits incognoscible hand, the boulders topple downward so far again.The in turnal fashion and lack of rhyme masquerade the ploy in Petit the Poet. Some of his most praised and have in minding works necessitate Petit the Poet and Seth Compton, marvelous creations of Edgar lee, best break down his blending of wit with irritation. His someoneal and colloquial style makes the endorser con noticed in his tone and mood. He takes the contributor into government agency finished his lightheaded and delightful pace. what is more it appears quite pictorial with some humorous explanations.The tone is very somber and the proof endorser cannot help but a discrete hopelessness, of the plight of human organisms not being able to choose what they remember, and in addition that the memories reckond today, will be oft disparate than the memories cute tomorrow. C. reparation mole Robert freezing was innate(p) in San Francisco, U. S. A, in 1874. disappoint with the lofty renders of numerous American poets, frost opted to write rough country life with which he was most familiar. In the poesy, Mending fence confronts sound posturing, a form of writing based on the tones of occasional speech.In his hookup, brotherhood of Boston (1914), Frost began to taste with poems of monologue and dialogue, which critics have called his dramatic poems. The present poem, Mending Wall too reflects his chassisle in dramatic and natural speech. The stanzas of the poem Mending Wall are honest alike sound more kindred to an extra usual human frame of mind than a fuming portrayal of the poets neighbor. A breakdown of the rhyme scheme sends the reader into a mesmerizing situation and the words is comparatively free from portentous and dark imagery. Robert Frosts poetry is well known for its intensely personal and despicable approximation.A great deal of Frosts verse is confessional and publishs his life experiences th primitive me taphor or hardcorely. Mending Wall asserts his abhorrence for a border or a barrier between human beings. This Frost does through the engagement of powerful imagery articulated through language, structure, and tone. A wall divides the poets land from his neighbors. They take down together to saunter to the wall and in return mend it, when it is spring time. Something there is that doesnt love a wall, That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, And spills the upper boulders in the sun,And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. (Lines 1-4) The verbaliser sees no rationality for the wall to be keptthere are no cows to be contained, just apple and pine trees. He does not believe in walls for the pursuit of walls. The neighbor chooses to stick to his fathers words Good fences make goodly neighbors. The poet remains skeptical and impishly forces the neighbor down to come across the outdated rendering. However his neighbor will not be persuaded. The poet visualizes his neighbor as a leftover from a reasonably obsolete time. He is an being paradigm of an old orthodox.Nevertheless the neighbor merely goes back over the secerning. Frost retains five stressed syllables intentional for each line however he launchs a discrepancy in the feet wide to maintain the usual dialogue in the rhyme. The dearth of radiance, gloom and unhappiness, have been brought into play. noticeably the wall is melodic theme of as a vengeance for transparency, light and security. The turn virtually of proceeding in the poem reiterates the dismay of hostilities and the wasted misfortunes that could have been evaded if those drawn in would have scrutinized the dealings they were caught up with.Even though the reader of the poem gets the archetype of the neighbor portrayed in the poem by Frost, he does not subsist immaterial of interpretations of men from the past or historical pictures. The poets neighbor is, in umpteen senses, of a weak temperament rather unworthy of examin ation because there is nothing that detaches him an ordinary human being. There is realization that hostilities are but a ploy to gain power and supremacy over the pictures of people. A sense of guilt revolves closely the entire novel and expresses that wars are unfortunate and just now a gamble where the leaders relapse to exploit the poor, down trodden masses.Mending Wall is a lingering recollection of life events and dreams that have spiraled out of mastery collectible to hostilities. The hopes and dreams that once seemed so right and so justifiable bugger off shattered because of the wall that inflicts the very core of the poets soul. Frost remains faithful to the spoken language of his time. His language, in the poem, is a mixture of playfulness and seriousness. He portrays regionalism with its rich stock of images, situation and anecdotes. This in turn provides an abundant source for metaphors and symbols. The conversational tone and the dramatic situation in the poem strike the readers.The picture at the core of Mending Wall is striking. Two men convene on terms of good manners and sociability to put up a barricade between them. The wall is erected out of convention, out of tradition. Nevertheless the very ground works against them as well as makes their task thorny. The two neighbors thrust stones, back on top of the wall however as a result of hunters or elves, or the chill of natures imperceptible hand, the boulders topple downward yet again. The work of hunters is another thing I have come after them and made mitigate Where they have left not one stone on a stone,But they would have the rabbit out of hiding,(lines 5-8) Even then, the neighbors endure on with their work of mending the wall. The poem, consequently, looks as if it contemplates typically on themes like, human pull of blockades, separation, and hostility. What sets in motion in aboveboard candor ends in intricate symbolism. This wall-building work appears primeval, as it is p ortrayed in formal, complaisant terms. It engrosses publishs to work against the elves, and the neighbor comes into view as a Stone-Age savage at the same time as he lifts and carries a boulder. We have to use a spell to make them balanceStay where you are until our backs are glum We wear our fingers rough with handling them. Oh, just another kind of out-door game,(lines 18-21) Frosts treatment of objects of nature shows that he does not idealize or glorify them. His attitude towards the stone wall is not actually that of a realist, nor so much of a romantist. Frosts poems on natural objects are not dealt with as the starting point for the mysterious meditation. Like other poems, Mending Wall carries a good but the m unwritten is indirectly presented either as a dramatic situation. Frosts poems are profoundly philosophical in violate of their homely diction.In Mending Wall, he uses symbolism to communicate a cabalistic rooted doctrine. The symbolism in the poem comes out a s an indirect order of communication. The poem has a spring up marrow but it in addition shows a deeper significance, which is understood besides through a impendent scrutiny of the poem. D. Edgar Lee Masters is acclaimed as one of the leading humorous poets of the world. He has produced some of the best works of his time. His readers have long appreciated him for his classical interpretation of human nature and several precise thematic concerns of parliamentary law but yet in a most humorous, easy and light hearted delegacy.One of the simplest and easy flowing poems of Edgar Lee is Petit the Poet. The informal fashion and lack of rhyme masquerade the ploy in Petit the Poet. Some of his most praised and entertaining works involve Petit the Poet and Seth Compton, marvelous creations of Edgar Lee, best reveal his blending of wit with humor. His personal and conversational style makes the reader touch on in his tone and mood. He takes the reader into self-assurance through his easy and delightful pace. what is more it appears quite realistic with some witty descriptions.The tone is very somber and the reader cannot help but a trenchant hopelessness, of the plight of human beings not being able to choose what they remember, and likewise that the memories cherished today, will be much several(predicate) than the memories cherished tomorrow. The poem is composed to 18 lines. The concluding verse shows an analogous allusion. Seeds in a dry pod, tick, tick, tick, Tick, tick, tick, what little iambics, man Homer and Whitman roared in the pines? The concluding vox of the poem brings us backwards in time, which intromits the reader to view true accounts and scummy that people have to endure in a village.Thus Petit the poet, no doubt is thought to appall us yet again but with a twist. Thus the caustic remark in, Petit the poet, comes through as we read it. The analytic issue of Seth Compton is beautifull render with a humorous disposition. The poet describes human deportment through the process of loving and forgetting. The poet tactfully and with an aroma of humor, describes the social and moral matters of the modern times from the perspective of a clean hearted human being. He craftily incorporates humor to the arena and at the same time, assay to bring into light the disgrace of corruption.For this kind of his writing, he has been also long criticized for his more moderate instituteation of the extents of social distemper of the time. The Poet is distressed to see the state of the people after death. The go around library that he constructed was son disposed off. When I died, the circulating library Which I built up for Spoon River, And managed for the good of inquiring minds, Was exchange at auction on the public square The poem gives a opinioning that Seth Compton has been keeping a note of all the happenings after his death.During the blockage when the poem was written, although on the face of it flowing in a po sitive direction, human relations were beginning to withstand new strains, trapped now in a cleverer and more train society. These relations were more official and formal than social and personal. This new form of the society was less institutionalized but at the same time was more difficult to resolve or combat. This new tactic, pick up with the velvety diplomacies of pity, care and tolerance, made things even worse. Very teetotalally and rightly, the Poet criticizes the dioramas of morality in terms of particular social concerns.American LiteratureMark twains celebrated novel gobbler sawyer (1876) has generally been considered by literary critics to slightly less accomplished on a technical and thematic level than its purported sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, (1885).Although umteen reasons for this discrepancy in the level of critical retort of the two works may be reliably cited, one of the contributing accompanimentors to the critical reception of gobbl er sawyer both on its initial publication in the nineteenth century and during its present status in critical estimation is the piece of literary realism. In short, because turkey cock sawyer represents to most literary critics a less innovative performance of couplings literary proficiency, it also functions a less acquireed example of yokes expression by way of literary realism.Important, also, is that fact that gallus was and is viewed by critics as one of Americas foremost realist writers and Twains realism is regarded as having had a liberating influence on American literature as a whole It led him to make use of the vernacular and at last to develop popular speech, as an actor for character portrayal and effective communicatory, to near perfection, (Long 102) which, in turn, led to the first truly American phrase in fiction.However, as in Huckleberry Finn, the aspects of realism (or verisimilitude) which permeate tom turkey Sawyer, also function as hold up for mythical ideas and iconographic expression which directly contradicts the end and function of literary realism itself. In essence, by regarding realism in tomcat Sawyer not a presidency principle of Twains esthetic, but rather as a tool or a literary device which is utilise to wreak a deeper theme or aesthetic namely romanticism can be identified.In Twains case, the romantic or idealized strains of his theme in gobbler Sawyer relate directly to the myth of American elaborateness and prosperity which were as prevalent pagan fascinations in nineteenth century America as they are in twenty-first century America.Before tom turkey Sawyer itself can be examined in light of its use of realism as a literary device, it is grave to alleviationate what the (critical) grounds of literary modernism is truly all about(predicate) and what literary modernism meant to the writers who comprised the movement in its earliest stages and what literary realism way to contemporary literar y critics, and specifically those critics who have turned their energies to explicating gobbler Sawyer.It should also be pointed out that Twain presents special problems even for the most studious and energetic of critics because his work is founded, first adn foremost upon humor, which is a very difficult literary premise to define and define in critical terms. notwithstanding the fact that criticism is notoriously at sea in the straw man of writing that is really funny (Smith 1), specific aesthetic principles and influences can be rooted out and dis fold upd to some extent from the over-riding satirical peck in Twains work.Any attempted critical fellow feeling would be greatly aided in first accepting Twain as a literary realist as this assigning is the most expedient as to hypothesis a empower window into the purported purpose and themes of Twains writings. Literary realism comprised an artistic response to the changing social conditions beginning in the 19th century w hich saw a dominant rise of industry, science, and rationality in western culture. Realism attempted to develop a literary idiom which was able to persuadely portray the actual events and component part of life.The movement toward realism can be seen as an artistic mode of clamshell with changing and frightening circumstances of western culture. In addition to seeking out themes of social significance, writers such as Zola, country Passos, Eliot and Flaubert advanced a narrative technique which jettisoned rhetorica stylized language of elevated expression designed to usher that the writer had mastered the tradition of civilized lettersfor everyday speech, (Borus 22) so that highly-stylized narratives still evoked the realism of everyday speech and everyday life.Part of the technique of literary realism involved the use of vernacular, sometimes extensively, to create the sense of verisimilitude which was essential to the realist aesthetic. The combination of real-world idio matic expression and the studies technique of the realist writers resulted in a unique blend of linguistic styles which resulted in a generating a set of readers who considered themselves cultivated readers of dialect, (Barrish 37). because realist writers desire to evoke in extensive detail, the living settings of their works, umpteen realist writers were committed to regionalism that is, they wrote about the world they experienced directly.Examples of this are Faulkner who wrote extensively about a fictional gray county which was based on counties which actually existed. Realist writers desired to create fiction that felt and read as close to real life as possible in order to allow readers to see and experience aspects of life which would other have remained unknowable to them. With this bit of critical history in mind, one get on aspect remains quite all valuable(predicate) relative to Twain and that is the fact that realism as a guiding principle of criticism (Smith 5) has been rigidly and soundly apply to Twains work with the resulting conclusion that shortcomings have led to its gradual abandonment during the last quarter of a century on both sides of the Atlantic. (Smith 5). What are these shortcomings, specifically? The answer to that head word is complex and lies in the on the face of it broad nature of Twains realism. The fact that Twains realism is distinct from naturalism or purely journalistic writing is his sophisticated employment of realism as a device, rather than as a guiding principle of theme or overall technical approach.In other words, because Mark Twains realism does not stop at externals (Smith 29) that same realism essentialiness by necessity engage emotional, psychological, and spectral (or mythic) concepts and identities which are by definition tangled of any realistic photograph. By delving deeper than externals Twain must, by necessity, abandon verisimilitude as a guiding aesthetic principle and quite accept i t as a device, like a single color on a painters pallette.In order to illustrate this around elusive point, it must be emphasize that Twains external realism is devastatingly powerful adn hi-fi, to the highest degree photo-realistically so. Twain is obviously quite loose of conveying the special atmosphere of each characteristic environment (Smith 29) and from this mastery of description of the external world, the reader is led to assumption that Twains excursions into the inner world will be just as faithfully rendered and just as obviously based on reality. However, a clear, if subtle, distinction separates Twain from photorealistic artists. A key aspect to Twains particular use of realism is that His purpose is not to say everything, nor even to present everything in an objective way (Smith 30) but render the clinical depression that what is described, whether it be a river, or a young boys stream-of- intellect inner-monologue, is a faithful representation of the actual world.By rendering the impression of realism rather than a rote facsimile of nature, Twain allows himself to pursue his inquiries into reality with vary intensity, to support his observations with a wider or a narrower range of evidence (Smith 30) and, by doing so, achieves an sagacity which is capable of misleading he reader into mistaking what is actually a mythic or romantic impression as a realistic observation.To demonstrate this concretely, a single mythic aspect of tom turkey Sawyer can be dislocated and compared with Twains realistic prose-style to indicate the duality of his narrative idiom, where realism generally indicates, if at an shifty angel, a mythic undertone. For example, the treasure-hunt sub-plot of gobbler Sawyer conveys the uniquely American myth of striking it rich through pure luck adn adventure.This is in fact a very durable American myth, the myth that anyone disrespect his or her stature in life can hit pay-dirt quickly, blindly, almost circumstant ially (Coulombe 16) and like Huck and turkey cock become rich entirely by good luck (Coulombe 16). Such a myth was used by Twain not only when in Tom Sawyer and in his other of his fictional works, but also as an attribute of his own author-persona.Twain cultivated a deliberate contortion of his biography by attempting to further the notion that his accomplishments were effortless and intuitivea uncouth genius rising naturally to the top (Coulombe 16). In this case, literary biography plays a contributing role to thematic explication because Twains true experience belied the myth he inserted into Tom Sawyer regarding wealth adn the pursuit of adventure. In reality, Twain was a careerist who worked diligently, even desperately, to catch success and money (Coulombe 17).The aforementioned biographical detail is mentioned merely to illustrate that Twain,had he been truly interested in being a literary realist and depicting the received world he had experienced would have obviousl y dismissed any mythic treasure hunt ending in blind, wild fortune as being over-the-top romantic, and perhaps even foolish. At this point, it is useful to examine the manner by which Twain attempts to insert verisimilitude into what is essentially a mythic fantasy.he does so retrospectively by describing what appears to be a very convincing description of the rection of the little townsfolk of St. Petersburg to the boys uncovering of treasure THE reader may rest satisfied that Toms and Hucks windfall made a mighty stir in the poor little village of St. Petersburg. So vast a sum, all in actual cash, seemed next to incredible. It was talked about, gloated over, glorified, until the reason of many of the citizens tottered under the strain of the unhealthy excitement. all haunted house in St. Petersburg and the neighboring villages was dissected, plank by plank, and its foundations dug up and ransacked for orphic treasureand not by boys, but menpretty grave, unloving men, too, som e of them. (Twain 285) This attempt to balance a romantic myth with a deliberately anti-romantic description of the aftermath of the discovery is thorough right down to Twains choice of diction.The word unromantic is specifically clever and powerful in forwarding a sense that Twains treasure hunt is grounded in reality and not in a boyish, culturally incited fantasy. Every detail seems to have been accounted for right down to the observation that The village paper publish biographical sketches of the boys (Twain 285) which made them celebrities. Here it is elicit to note that Twains romantic nerve impulse and his urge to restrain his story in verisimilitude are operating at commensurate military strength and simultaneously.If Twain is capable of obscuring what are essentially romantic myths beneath a facing of realism as was demonstrated by the preceding description of his expression of the rags to riches myth of America, what other myths might be discovered under the narra tive surface of Tom Sawyer? Obviously, because Twain embraces the figurehead of military force in American as a part of his role as a realist writer, depictions of force-out and of death in Twain deserve special worry in regard to the myths they may or may not express beneath the highly detailed and unusually faultless level of narrative description occupied by Twain. man it is true that for Twain The ken of a pistol blazing or dig flashing, followed by the red farm animal gushing from a death wound, was actuality (Long 99) it is also conspicuously true that Twains depiction of violence in Tom Sawyer is not prevailing, and as in the realism of Howells, and that in Twain happiness, not wo, was the general rule (Long 99) despite the actuality of violence and death in human experience.One might rightly ask how is such a proposition that violence and death do not close out human happiness based in realism? Plainly, one does not gestate an observational adn descriptive acum en that is equal to Twains to readily perceive that violence and death in the real world practically do preclude human happiness. Clearly, Twains depiction of violence, like his depiction of material dreaming and the attainment of wealth, partakes of a mythic rather then realistic expression.This mythic approximation of violence and human mortality allows Twain to establish the entire theoretical account of Tom Sawyer on the mythic scaffolding of death and rebirth. In fact, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is constructed on a loose framework whose major elements include games of death and games of resurrection (Aspiz) and these games are purely mythic rather than realistic both in conception and execution.Because it is mythic violence and mythic death that Tom interacts with in the novel, he and the other characters depicted in the novel seem to exist on the manic demonstrate beyond which lurks the menace of destruction and the unknown (Aspiz) but the teetering over and falling o ver the edge which is repeatedly depicted by Twain in Tom Sawyer results in the illusion that all experience is in the long run reducible to entertainment (Aspiz).Imagination is stronger than the mere presence of death and its associated pains in Twains fictional world, which is propelled in part by startlingly realistic descriptions and observational details. The result is senseless Murder, grave-robbing, the withholding of life-saving evidence, impulses to suicide, simulated disasters, numerous close brushes with death, the violation of sanguinary oaths, wrenching charge and guilt, and numberless suppressions of the truth and miscarriages of justice are all transformed, through masterful instrumentality and narrative control, into entertainment.(Aspiz, 108) Of course it is the power and depth of Twains masterful orchestration and narrative control which drives the perception on the readers behalf that Twains mythic expressions of pain, death, and sorrow are as meticulously acc urate as his objective descriptions of rivers, school-houses, and grave-yards. The paradox is born out of the divergence of the mythic and realist strains of Twains own consciousness and his narrative expression. The character of Tom Sawyer is, himself, an expression of this paradox and duality.Tom is eventually portrayed as heroic, but also realistically, so that his flaws can be tardily spotted and used to increase the ironic impact of the novel. In fact, careful study of Toms behavior throughout the novel reveals that Tom was neither noble nor pure. Rather, he was practically vindictive, violent, and obscuremuch like the natural world to which he was linked (Coulombe 129) and ironically it is inside this construction of nature, as a character, that Twain achieves a more long and realistic expression.Twains impulse to romanticize even human bigotry is evident in his depiction of red man Joe and bodge Potter, during the trial-scene when Muff fallaciously confesses to murderi ng the Doctor. Historical reality dictates that it was white men who cam and tricked the native American tribes out of their lands and sunk their culture, a fact readily purchasable to anyone, even in Twains time, who cared to utilise minimal energy doing research.However, rather than get hold of on this massive historical reality, Twain opts to facilitate the extant prejudice against racial types that existed in his time, and continue to exist, by positing a mythic half-breed, Injun Joe, who is more sleek and diabolical than the white society he despises. During the trial scene, Muff Potter is confronted with his knife which was used by Injun Joe to finish off the Doctor in the cemetery.Potters reaction is wretched Potter lifted his face and looked around him with a pathetic hopelessness in his eyes. He saw Injun Joe, and exclaimed Oh, Injun Joe, you promised me youd never (Twain 100) and then, slowly, Potter realizes that he must confess to his crime. The reversal of hist orical reality is chilling. In reality, Native Americans were oftentimes controlled and victimised with liquor and in Twains depiction, the half-breed, Injun Joe, has turned these realities on their head.It is the Indian who is dastardly and manipulative and it is the white man, Muff Potter, who is drunkenly put-upon and falsely sentenced to death. Such reversals under the bland realism of Twains technique can only be considered, rightly, as propaganda. By no stretch of the imagination can propaganda ever be regarded as realistic or objective, so it is obvious that on at to the lowest degree three major themes materialism, mortality, and racial prejudice, Twain embraces a mythic, rather than realistic, mode of expression in Tom Sawyer.Again, as in the treasure-hunt scenario, Twain attempts to balance his mythically compulsive conceptualization of race with what appears to be a cogent adn realistic description of the butterfly-room itself and the boys reaction to Potters confes sion Then Huckleberry and Tom stood impenetrable and staring, and heard the stony-hearted liar reel off his serene statement, they expecting every moment that the clear sky would deliver Gods lightnings upon his head, (Twain 100).This passage, in fact, only strengthens the essentially culturally chauvinistic impulse of the courtroom scene by positing the half-breed no only as a notorious murderer but as an enemy of the white mans God. Twains romanticism may be rightly regarded as clincher in the thematic expression of Tom Sawyer. In every case, it is mythic impulse rather than natural or historical realism that drives both the conceptualization and execution of the scenes in Tom Sawyer and the associated themes which these scenes express.Rather than band the aesthetic ideas of literary realism, Twains use of the idiom in Tom Sawyer is sublimated to his interest in forwarding culturally resonant, American myths which would ostensibly engage and entertain his audience. It is quite p ossible that Twains own material ambitions, as previously mentioned, drove, at to the lowest degree in part, his decision to make a literary giving up throughout Tom Sawyer to romantic myths, a concession which completely eradicated any claim that might be made on Twains behalf that the novel embodied literary realism.Works Cited Aspiz, Harold. Tom Sawyers Games of Death. Studies in the Novel 27. 2 (1995) 141+. Barrish, Phillip. American Literary Realism, Critical Theory, and Intellectual Prestige, 1880- 1995. Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press, 2001. Borus, Daniel H. Writing Realism Howells, throng, and Norris in the Mass Market. Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina Press, 1989.Coulombe, Joseph L. Mark Twain and the American West. Columbia, MO University of Missouri Press, 2003. Long, E. Hudson. Mark Twain Handbook. raw(a) York Hendricks House, 1957. Smith, enthalpy Nash, ed. Mark Twain A Collection of Critical undertakes. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, 1963. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. New York P. F. Collier & Sons, 1920.American LiteratureIf I was teaching a course in American Literature since 1865, the texts that I would choose to teach would be Tulips by Sylvia Plath, Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, Sula by Toni Morrison, Wise Blood by Flannery OConnor, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Housekeeping by Marilynne Robinson, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, The Yellow paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Daisy miller by heat content James, and Drown by Junot Diaz.I feel that it is all- great(a) to chronologically span the 150 or so years of literature in this time period, to choose a diversity of authors in terms of sexual activity, race and sexuality, to represent the nation regionally as well as possible, to include texts that tenseness on important issues in the nation including immigration, grammatical gender equality and race relations, and to counseling on texts that are comparati vely accessible and reflect the time period in which they are written. With these texts, I feel that this is accomplished.Chronologically, this list is comparatively complete there are texts that represent the period of reconstruction (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) and that are from around ten years ago (Drown). Indeed, unalike aspects of this list speak to the Industrial renewing and ever-changing face of America through technological advancement, and others cover the ways that race and gender exist in the time period in which they are written (The Yellow Wallpaper and Sula, for example).Further, not only do these texts represent a width of time periods, but they also show diametric regions of the united States, including the South (Wise Blood) and the West (Housekeeping), with the typical representation of the Northeast and many texts that are not necessarily primaeval to any specific region.Through providing a diversity of chronological and regional representation, I feel that students, especially in a nation that is not as familiar with the linked States as we are, would be able to get a better feel of how the joined States changed over the past 150 years and how the opposite regions of the United States face different challenges. Just as its important to represent different literal aspects of the United States, its just as important to represent the diversity of people that make the nation up.By providing works from authors like Toni Morrison and Junot Diaz, students would get a perspective on the African American and immigrant experience in the United States, respectively. Indeed, America exists differently for the immigrant characters in this collection of Diaz short stories than it does for the characters seeking the American Dream in The Great Gatsby, and its important for students to research these differences among communities in the U. S.Indeed, this collection of texts also reflects issues that are of the utmost importance in the U nited States Tulips and The Yellow Wallpaper discuss what it core to be a woman and how motherhood or marriage can trap women, for example. Wise Blood explores the intricacies of religion, and more specifically Christianity, in the South, and Sula thoroughly discusses how threatening Americans live in the canful while whites live at the top long after the conclusion of the civilised War.Students reading my list of texts would be assailable to a breadth of issues, while also reading canonical literature that explores natures such as Leaves of Grass and the work of hydrogen James and his take on relationships and people. entirely of the works that are included in this list cover so many different aspects of American Literature, and together they paint a picture that represents the time period and nation as well as any ten-piece collection can.Regionally, canonically and chronologically, the list covers all of the essential points present in American literature, and it also to uches on three-fold issues of diversity deep down the texts as well as issues central to American culture in these different time periods. These poems, short stories, novellas and novels are an excellent window into American Literature as well as the ever-ubiquitous American culture, and I would be excited to teach these texts to any classroom. 2nd Essay Confederate Literature is fraught with guilt, struggle and a resistance to dominant American cultural norms.Three of the most important authors in Confederate Lit, Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner and Flannery OConnor, are all implausibly attentive to issues important to all southerly people, but they each discuss gray life in a different form. plot of ground all three deal with the integral issues of race relations in the South, the constant struggle with the separation of the North from the South, and what hardly it means to have a Southern identity, each of these authors does this in a very different manner.Hurston g uidancees on African American dialect and unique experiences inwardly those communities, Faulkner traditionally discusses close-knit small town communities in a stream of consciousness and highly narrative manner, and OConnor takes a highly moralistic tone, with a focalization on religion and community in the South. Hurstons effort is similar to her most famous Their Eyes Were reflection God in that gender struggles and dialect deep down African American communities are showcased. Indeed, one of the central conflicts in suds is the struggle for lateralisation within the relationship between Delia and Sykes Jones.Even though aspects of Southern femininity and masculinity are inherent to this struggle, femininity is the focus as this is typical of Hurston and the protagonist, and thereby where the readers sympathies more dominantly lie, is with Delia Jones. The work focuses on how African American communities exist, with a focus on Delias humming and the music thats present, t hereby demonstrating a focus on an oral tradition that doesnt necessarily exist within Faulkner and OConnors work.Further, the end of the short story demonstrates how women are able to obtain dominance in relationships, if they ever are able to do so, through Sykes horrifying death. Indeed, this story demonstrates many of Hurstons focuses, and it shows typical struggles within Southern African American communities in terms of gender relations and oral traditions versus dominant narratives. Faulkners vitamin B burn is different from this in that its focus is on a father and son, and also on the town in which the characters live.Indeed, the story begins in The store in which the justice of the Peaces court was sitting and continues to focus on the actual location and Southern-ness of the setting. Like Hurston, the dialogue of Barn Burning is uniquely Southern, with the characters saying the word it as hit, thereby demonstrating Southern dialect and accents in a way that separates it from any Northern dialogue. Also like Hurstons work, the story discusses race relations in the South, though necessarily from a white perspective kind of of a caustic perspective.Because of this, the community at the midpoint of the story is a white community instead of a black community, and it thereby emphasizes race relations and oppressive institutions within Southern society instead of exploring the ways in which African American communities form themselves. While there are no unadorned OConnor works on the syllabus, it would be remiss to discuss Southern writing without using OConnor as an example.In her A Good Man is Hard to Find, for example, the explicit focus of the narrative is on what it means to be a good person, and how a criminal is not necessarily a more evil and corrupt person than a grandma without good intentions. While the criminal who murders the family who are at the center of the story is clearly not a good man, neither is the matriarchal grandmother wh o is central to the story indeed, she would have been good if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life. OConnor discusses Southern society in terms of morality and religion throughout her novels and short stories, and within this discussion also exists issues of race relations, Southern society and dialect, and other things. Indeed, OConnor, Faulkner and Hurston all do it the differences between the South and other regions in the United States, the unique moral and community systems that exist there, and demonstrate these aspects differently. 3rd Essay William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow and e.e. cummings my tonic old and so on both rely on unconventional, modernist poetic form and use this form to convey separate messages. Williams poem uses its form to put emphasis on a beence on the smallest things indeed, the form and conquer of The Red Wheelbarrow hinge on the wheelbarrow itself, and demonstrate how form and subject are both integral to a p oems ultimate message. Similarly, e. e. cummings unconventional form is different from almost any other poet and uses triune definitions of and so forth.Both poems show how form is as essential to function as subject and literal messages are, and both use this form to reiterate the meaning of the poem. Williams The Red Wheelbarrow is from a time period in which poets were able to play with form and think more consciously about how a poem can be unconventional in form and still convey a message. Indeed, this poem more or less relies on form to convey that message. What is so elicit about this poem is that there is no terribly clear message in the poem in fact, it initially seems to not say much of anything and instead to run around with words.However, the way the poem is structured, the seemingly insignificant nouns are placed at the forefront. As the poem reads, so much depends / upon / a red wheel / barrow (lines 1-4). Here, the poem does in fact depend on the barrow every b races in The Red Wheelbarrow hinges upon a second one-word line that consists of a relatively common and insignificant noun. The nouns continue to locate the poem. The red wheelbarrow is vitreous with rain / water / beside the white / chickens (lines 5-8), showing that while each bitstock is grounded by the final one-worded line, the entire poem is grounded by the wheelbarrow.Indeed, all of the lines refer back to it it is the thing that is glazed with rainwater, and it is the thing that is beside the white chickens. The first couplet itself makes it increasingly clear that the wheelbarrow is at the center of this poem in multiple ways everything in the poem depends on it literally, as is stated in the first two lines, but it is also structurally at the center of the poem. William Carlos Williams is able to use this unconventional form to make a statement about what is important after all, how can so much depend on a wheelbarrow unless Williams demonstrates it in this unconventio nal way?Similarly, e. e. cummings poem my sweet old and so on challenges ideas of what the etcetera of the poem is by introducing it in a form that allows multiple interpretations. Indeed, the poem begins with my sweet old etcetera / aunt lucy (lines 1-2), and also includes references to it as not to / mention shirts fleaproof earwarmers / etcetera wristers etcetera (lines 11-13), my / mother hoped that / I would die etcetera (lines 13-15), my / self etcetera lay lightly (lines 19-20), and dreaming, / et / cetera, of / Your smile / eyes knees and of your Etcetera (lines 23-27).All of these uses of etcetera are different and challenge what exactly the word means indeed, the word literally refers to a continuing list of things, but here sometimes its used in an apathetic sense, sometimes as a euphemism, and other times as its definition connotes. Like The Red Wheelbarrow, this poem hinges on the definition of one word, and because of seemingly spontaneous line breaks and capitalizat ion, that word carries entirely different meanings at different places in the text.Interestingly, in the last parenthetical notation, etcetera refers to both the never-ending list of actions of the speaker and also, presumably, the body of the woman who is being described, thereby showing the many definitions of the word. Both The Red Wheelbarrow and my sweet old etcetera use relatively unconventional form to challenge traditional notions of established words and concepts. By relying on a different order of poetry and description, both writers are able to disrupt these ideas that are so closely tied to the words, and also to redefine both the words and the poetic form that they are using to describe them.4th Essay If I could choose any two authors to explore more fully, I would pick Zora Neale Hurston and enthalpy James to look at further. Not only are these two authors very different in terms of their writing styles, but they also are from different time periods and different lite rary perspectives, with Hurston generally describing communities and concrete people more fully while James writes conceptually and canonically in a way that focuses on narrative and other literary forms.Both authors speak to different audiences, both of which I at least partially identify with, and I look forward to reading more by each author. In this course, we read Sweat by Hurston, which I wrote about for one of my other essays. I really enjoy this work not only because I enjoy Southern literature, but also because it focuses on a different aspect of identity than many of the authors that weve read in this course.Indeed, Hurston focused on African American oral narratives, and was actually often involved in sociological work and pull together African American folktales to preserve in writing instead of simply within an oral tradition. Because her life was not ever so spent in looking at writing through a set literary lens, I think that she has a unique perspective in repres enting life as it truly exists within communities that are not typically discussed in popular fiction.She herself grew up in an African American town, and is particularly knowledgeable and gifted and representing these types of communities. I would love to read Their Eyes Were Watching God if only because it is similar to Sweat but, as a novel instead of a short story, allows more time to delve into a characters mindset and to develop a sense of what it means to live within an African American community. Further, I think that Hurston has a unique and powerful style that explores language in a way that many authors simply dont.She is able to write using heavy symbolism and metaphors throughout her prose, but shes also able to interesting, intelligently and authentically portray the language that exists within black southern communities, something that most authors would not even think about discussing. Indeed, because of her early life in a unique community that most canonical author s do not understand, her sociological work on oral narratives within black communities, her interesting view on language and style, and her emphasis on womens issues and gender equality, I would love to look more closely at Zora Neale Hurstons body of literature.Henry James is also an incredibly important figure in American Literature, but for very different reasons than Hurston. Indeed, James style is not as accessible or engaging as Hurstons often is, and he is much more noetic in the issues that he chooses to tackle. As Daisy Miller demonstrates, though, James has a terrific understanding of how to manipulate narrative to show multiple dimensions of characters, and his other work demonstrates this even further.The novel which I would most like to read by him is The Turn of the Screw, primarily because it is both a frame narrative (similar to the Canterbury Tales), which provides many unique and interesting insights into narrative, and also because it is a unique version of a su btlety story that is much more literary in style than most of what gets represented in popular culture today. Because James is so able to take on narrative, I enjoyed Daisy Miller thoroughly not only were the characters deep, complex, round and interesting, but the timeline was also gainsay.I really enjoy reading Henry James because he is, in many ways, timeless while his work is obviously dated in certain ways in terms of subject and the setting, the human condition is so central to everything that he writes that it can be understood outside of this context. Because of his narrative abilities, interest in the human psyche and innate human struggles, challenging prose that pushes different ideas of symbolism and identity, and the innovative subjects that he chooses to write about, I would also very much enjoy looking at what else Henry James has written.